<p>Weather-resistant steel structure has a broad application prospect. To investigate the anti-slip performance of high-strength bolted connections of weather-resistant steel, experiments on 30 specimens under normal conditions (Group I) and 24 specimens under corrosion conditions (Group II) are conducted. According to the experimental results, the anti-slip coefficient and recommended treatment of friction surfaces of weather-resistant high-strength bolted connections under normal conditions are suggested. For weather-resistant high-strength bolted connections under corrosion conditions, mechanical behavior such as failure mode, bearing capacity, deformation performance, and degradation of bolt preload are compared and analyzed. Corrosion action significantly impacts the anti-slip performance of the bolted connection with weather-resistant steel. A corrosion factor, along with its associated computational model, is introduced to predict the anti-slip coefficient of weather-resistant bolted connections subjected to corrosive conditions. The corrosion factor is increasing first and then decreasing with the increasing corrosion time.</p>