Nanomaterials in geopolymer concrete: state of the art

The increasing carbon emission by the cement industry has become a serious environmental problem. Geopolymer concrete is an eco-friendly material that is an alternative to conventional concrete. Industrial solid waste and Natural materials are used as precursors in producing geopolymer concrete and are synthesized by alkali reaction. Using material at the nanoscale as an additive to this has proved to enhance the properties of geopolymer concrete. Various nanomaterials yield improved results in the mechanical, durability, and thermal properties of geopolymer concrete. This paper gives a brief overview of geopolymer concrete with nanomaterials, its strength aspects, the response against harsh environments, and a microstructure study to understand how the nanomaterials influence the physical properties and their behavior at elevated temperatures.