<p>To address the global climate challenge, carbon emissions reduction and carbon neutrality have emerged as pivotal goals for the international community. Copper-based metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF) derivatives exhibit unique advantages in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) applications due to their controllable pore structure, abundant active sites, and efficient charge transport. Nevertheless, the structure–activity correlation mechanisms and performance enhancement methodologies of Cu-MOF derivatives have not yet been comprehensively elucidated in existing literature. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements in Cu-MOF derivatives for electrocatalytic CO₂RR, focusing on preparation technologies such as the pyrolysis method, electrochemical in situ reconstruction method, and other methods. Subsequently, we investigated the enhancement mechanism of the reactivity of electrocatalysts by discussing multidimensional aspects, which include structural design, metal composition adjustment, ligand engineering, and composite structure construction. Finally, the critical challenges and future research directions of Cu-MOF derivatives for electrocatalytic CO₂RR are prospectively discussed, which aims to provide theoretical references for the design methods and modification strategies of Cu-MOF derivatives.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>This manuscript highlights the application of copper-based metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF) derivatives in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR). We specifically carry out the following three key aspects: synthesis methods of Cu-MOF derivatives, modification strategies, and prospects. It aims to propose rational synthesis methods and modification strategies for the preparation of Cu-MOF-derived electrocatalysts with superior CO₂RR performance.</p> <p></p>