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Aim <p>Food waste valorisation through biorefineries has emerged as a key strategy to address environmental degradation, resource inefficiency, and ethical concerns associated with global food systems. This review aims to critically synthesise current food waste valorisation technologies within a circular bioeconomy framework, with particular emphasis on environmental, economic, social, and ethical dimensions.</p> Methods <p>A structured narrative review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, covering peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2024. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on technological pathways, life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis (TEA), governance frameworks, and ethical implications of food waste biorefineries.</p> Key Findings <p>The analysis reveals that biochemical and microbial-based valorisation routes—such as fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and enzymatic conversion—dominate current research due to their relatively high technology readiness and lower environmental burdens. Quantitative comparisons indicate substantial variability in economic performance, greenhouse gas mitigation potential, and scalability across technologies. While LCA and TEA studies increasingly support the environmental benefits of food waste biorefineries, methodological inconsistencies and limited socio-ethical integration persist. Policy instruments and governance mechanisms play a decisive role in technology deployment, with significant regional disparities observed between the European Union, emerging economies, and developing regions.</p> Conclusion <p>This review highlights that food waste biorefineries can substantially contribute to circular bioeconomy objectives if technological optimisation is complemented by robust governance, ethical oversight, and social acceptance. By integrating quantitative performance metrics with ethical and policy analysis, this work identifies critical research gaps and proposes future directions to enhance sustainability, equity, and systemic resilience in food waste valorisation systems.</p>

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Valorization of Food Processing By-Products: A Sustainable Approach for a Circular Bioeconomy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Basavaraj Neelappa Gonal,
  • Shubham K Ravikumar,
  • Vinayak Basavaraj Pattanad,
  • Rakesh Patil,
  • Suresh B. Arakera

摘要

Aim

Food waste valorisation through biorefineries has emerged as a key strategy to address environmental degradation, resource inefficiency, and ethical concerns associated with global food systems. This review aims to critically synthesise current food waste valorisation technologies within a circular bioeconomy framework, with particular emphasis on environmental, economic, social, and ethical dimensions.

Methods

A structured narrative review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, covering peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2024. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on technological pathways, life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis (TEA), governance frameworks, and ethical implications of food waste biorefineries.

Key Findings

The analysis reveals that biochemical and microbial-based valorisation routes—such as fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and enzymatic conversion—dominate current research due to their relatively high technology readiness and lower environmental burdens. Quantitative comparisons indicate substantial variability in economic performance, greenhouse gas mitigation potential, and scalability across technologies. While LCA and TEA studies increasingly support the environmental benefits of food waste biorefineries, methodological inconsistencies and limited socio-ethical integration persist. Policy instruments and governance mechanisms play a decisive role in technology deployment, with significant regional disparities observed between the European Union, emerging economies, and developing regions.

Conclusion

This review highlights that food waste biorefineries can substantially contribute to circular bioeconomy objectives if technological optimisation is complemented by robust governance, ethical oversight, and social acceptance. By integrating quantitative performance metrics with ethical and policy analysis, this work identifies critical research gaps and proposes future directions to enhance sustainability, equity, and systemic resilience in food waste valorisation systems.