Keep it ‘Natural’, ‘Wild’, ‘Organic’ and ‘Pure’: Thick Concepts Crossing Nazi Art, Science and Environmental Policy
摘要
This essay proposes that some thick ethical concepts can cross practices of science, art and politics, reinforcing each other and coming to affect humans, animals and natural environments. This is illustrated through the case of Nazi biopolitics and necropolitics. The essay adds to Bauman’s analysis of National Socialism as a modern ‘purity-pursuit’ (1997) by considering how ideas of the ‘pure’, and the ‘natural’, ‘organic’ and ‘wild’ were promoted through Nazi art, science and politics. I propose that these thick ethical concepts became normatively ladened articulations of what is true, beautiful and just, identified with the ‘Germanic’ and ‘Aryan’. Thus, Nazism is analysed as a modern ‘purity-naturalness-organicness-and-wilderness-pursuit’. This argument is supported through a critical analysis of empirical material, selected to represent the artistic, scientific and political discourses of National Socialist ideology. The study further speaks to a current societal challenge. Nazi environmental policy promoted regenerative farming, nature preservation and restoration and Nazi officials encouraged vegetarianism. In today’s climate-changing world these actions appear eerily ‘advanced’, aligning with projects for meat reduction like the Planetary Health Diet, rewilding, or restoring and preserving biodiversity. The essay asks whether notions of the ‘pure’, ‘natural’ and ‘wild’, or ‘organic’ have the potential to drive climate action, reflecting on today's far-right ecologisms.