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<p>Determinants of subjective well-being (SWB) and happiness have been studied extensively in previous research but primarily focused on adults. Considerably less is known about the individual concepts and subjective determinants of SWB in adolescents. The present study thus contributes to the existing literature by involving adolescents and exploring their concepts and beliefs about what determines their SWB. In Study 1, we conducted forty-four semi-structured interviews with students aged thirteen to fifteen in which we asked them about their subjective beliefs regarding what determines their happiness and SWB. From these data, we extracted a list of 54 categories of relevant determinants. In Study 2, we used a reduced list of 41 categories in a questionnaire with students of the same age group (<i>N</i> = 962) to investigate whether these determinants of SWB depended on gender and migration background. Our findings show that students differ considerably in terms of what they believe determines their SWB. Social relationships emerged as the most important category. We found several substantial gender differences but comparatively few differences between students with and without migration background. The findings are discussed in the context of adolescent development, and practical implications are derived.</p>

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What Do You Need to Be Happy: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Individual Determinants of Subjective Well-Being and Happiness in Adolescents in Germany

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Alicia Neumann,
  • Tobias Altmann,
  • Ricarda Steinmayr,
  • Maike Luhmann,
  • Marcus Roth

摘要

Determinants of subjective well-being (SWB) and happiness have been studied extensively in previous research but primarily focused on adults. Considerably less is known about the individual concepts and subjective determinants of SWB in adolescents. The present study thus contributes to the existing literature by involving adolescents and exploring their concepts and beliefs about what determines their SWB. In Study 1, we conducted forty-four semi-structured interviews with students aged thirteen to fifteen in which we asked them about their subjective beliefs regarding what determines their happiness and SWB. From these data, we extracted a list of 54 categories of relevant determinants. In Study 2, we used a reduced list of 41 categories in a questionnaire with students of the same age group (N = 962) to investigate whether these determinants of SWB depended on gender and migration background. Our findings show that students differ considerably in terms of what they believe determines their SWB. Social relationships emerged as the most important category. We found several substantial gender differences but comparatively few differences between students with and without migration background. The findings are discussed in the context of adolescent development, and practical implications are derived.