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<p>The study found that the average daily wages almost increased three times between 1983 and 2021–22 in rural and urban areas of the country. The average wages rose more rapidly for women than men. We have observed that the wage growth of casual workers increased much faster over the years, reflecting less fluctuation than regular workers. However, at the same time, the growth rate of regular workers has collapsed several times, and in the recent period, the collapse was almost complete. From the analysis of Gini coefficient and decomposition, we observed that wage inequality has come down in India between 2011–12 and 2021–22, and much of the differences in earnings are explained by within-group factors.</p>

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Wage Collapse and Gender Differences in Earning in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Aneesh M. R.,
  • Annmary Jose

摘要

The study found that the average daily wages almost increased three times between 1983 and 2021–22 in rural and urban areas of the country. The average wages rose more rapidly for women than men. We have observed that the wage growth of casual workers increased much faster over the years, reflecting less fluctuation than regular workers. However, at the same time, the growth rate of regular workers has collapsed several times, and in the recent period, the collapse was almost complete. From the analysis of Gini coefficient and decomposition, we observed that wage inequality has come down in India between 2011–12 and 2021–22, and much of the differences in earnings are explained by within-group factors.