<p>In this paper, we analysed the distributions of hours of work and hourly earnings among males and females in order to understand and evaluate earnings inequality in India. Lorenz curve and different summary measures of inequality were used for the purpose. Inequality in the distribution of hours of work could not be considered as an explanation for the existence of higher female earnings inequality. Higher female earnings inequality compared to that of males were more exposed in urban areas. Again, self-employed and regular salaried categories were contributing more to cause larger earnings inequality among women. Our findings on gender inequality and lower female labour force participation warrant further study. Also, the contradictory results obtained in the case of casual workers necessitate a further enquiry. </p>