Impact of English Language Proficiency on the Wage Returns of Kerala Migrant Workers in Gulf Countries

This study investigates the impact of English language proficiency on the wage returns of Kerala migrant workers in Gulf countries. Utilising primary data from a survey of 561 participants across selected regions of gulf nations, the research reveals that English skills, particularly at an advanced level, significantly contribute to higher average monthly wages, even after controlling for education, ability, experience, age, and specific country and occupation factors. The complementarity of English proficiency and education is evident, with advanced language skills demonstrating substantial wage returns across different educational levels. The study underscores the economic value of English proficiency in the Gulf labour market and provides insights for policymakers and employers aiming to enhance migrant workers’ competitiveness.