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<p>Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) practitioners face significant challenges when selecting optimal approaches for complex historic structures. To address this, the present study compares four techniques—parametric, NURBS, mesh-based reconstruction, and SubD—in capturing the intricate vaulted geometries of the Founder’s Chapel at the Monastery of Batalha, a masterpiece of Portuguese Late Gothic architecture. Utilising point cloud data from terrestrial laser scanning, the comparative assessment evaluated three key parameters: geometric accuracy, time efficiency, and model flexibility. The results indicate that parametric modelling offers high adaptability and seamless integration with surrounding architectural elements. NURBS and SubD provide highly accurate surfaces through mathematically defined control points, with SubD emerging as a novel, highly capable, and edit-efficient methodology for digital heritage. Furthermore, mesh representation provides exceptional documentation fidelity. These findings demonstrate that approach selection should be driven by project-specific requirements and intended model use rather than technical preferences. Ultimately, the optimal documentation strategy relies on a hybrid framework: utilising parametric modelling for the semantic baseline, while selectively integrating free-form techniques or high-fidelity meshes to capture complex morphological features. This integrated strategy harnesses the distinct strengths of each method, providing valuable guidance for heritage professionals while highlighting the critical need for improved interoperability between complementary HBIM approaches.</p>

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SubD and traditional modelling techniques for Gothic architecture: insights from the Founder’s Chapel into HBIM integration

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Gabriel Sugiyama,
  • Fernanda Rodrigues,
  • Hugo Rodrigues

摘要

Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) practitioners face significant challenges when selecting optimal approaches for complex historic structures. To address this, the present study compares four techniques—parametric, NURBS, mesh-based reconstruction, and SubD—in capturing the intricate vaulted geometries of the Founder’s Chapel at the Monastery of Batalha, a masterpiece of Portuguese Late Gothic architecture. Utilising point cloud data from terrestrial laser scanning, the comparative assessment evaluated three key parameters: geometric accuracy, time efficiency, and model flexibility. The results indicate that parametric modelling offers high adaptability and seamless integration with surrounding architectural elements. NURBS and SubD provide highly accurate surfaces through mathematically defined control points, with SubD emerging as a novel, highly capable, and edit-efficient methodology for digital heritage. Furthermore, mesh representation provides exceptional documentation fidelity. These findings demonstrate that approach selection should be driven by project-specific requirements and intended model use rather than technical preferences. Ultimately, the optimal documentation strategy relies on a hybrid framework: utilising parametric modelling for the semantic baseline, while selectively integrating free-form techniques or high-fidelity meshes to capture complex morphological features. This integrated strategy harnesses the distinct strengths of each method, providing valuable guidance for heritage professionals while highlighting the critical need for improved interoperability between complementary HBIM approaches.