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<p>Sequential earthquakes can critically affect the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, especially when multiple strong ground motions occur within a short period. This study examines the response of a five-story RC building to a sequence of recorded earthquakes, with peak ground accelerations (PGA) ranging from 0.13&#xa0;g to 0.47&#xa0;g. The ground motions were applied both individually and cumulatively to assess structural damage progression. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted using Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software, which accurately simulates progressive failure under consecutive seismic events. Given that material properties significantly influence structural behavior, this study emphasizes the role of low-strength concrete. Four concrete strengths—8, 10, 12, and 15&#xa0;MPa—were analyzed to evaluate their effect on structural resilience. Results indicate that the 8&#xa0;MPa building collapsed under moderate shaking, while the 10&#xa0;MPa structure survived the first event but failed under a subsequent stronger motion. The 12&#xa0;MPa building withstood individual earthquakes but collapsed when the cumulative sequence was applied. Only the 15&#xa0;MPa building resisted all scenarios without collapsing. These findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of low-strength RC buildings to sequential earthquakes and underline the importance of material quality and improved seismic design to enhance structural robustness.</p>

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Effectiveness of sequential Earthquakes on the structural performance of reinforced concrete buildings: a nonlinear analysis approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Mustafa Senkaya,
  • Muneeb Jadallah,
  • Monjee K. Almustafa,
  • Adem Doğangün,
  • Moncef L. Nehdi

摘要

Sequential earthquakes can critically affect the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, especially when multiple strong ground motions occur within a short period. This study examines the response of a five-story RC building to a sequence of recorded earthquakes, with peak ground accelerations (PGA) ranging from 0.13 g to 0.47 g. The ground motions were applied both individually and cumulatively to assess structural damage progression. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted using Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software, which accurately simulates progressive failure under consecutive seismic events. Given that material properties significantly influence structural behavior, this study emphasizes the role of low-strength concrete. Four concrete strengths—8, 10, 12, and 15 MPa—were analyzed to evaluate their effect on structural resilience. Results indicate that the 8 MPa building collapsed under moderate shaking, while the 10 MPa structure survived the first event but failed under a subsequent stronger motion. The 12 MPa building withstood individual earthquakes but collapsed when the cumulative sequence was applied. Only the 15 MPa building resisted all scenarios without collapsing. These findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of low-strength RC buildings to sequential earthquakes and underline the importance of material quality and improved seismic design to enhance structural robustness.