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<p>This study investigates the integrated enhancement of concrete performance through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and steel fiber reinforcement to improve mechanical properties, durability, and microstructural characteristics. Sixteen concrete mixes including conventional, steel fiber-reinforced (0.8–2% by volume), bacterial-modified (1–10% Bacillus subtilis by cement mass), and hybrid composites were systematically prepared and evaluated. Mechanical performance was assessed via compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests, while durability and microstructure were examined using porosity measurements, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. MICP promoted calcite formation, refining pore structure and densifying the interfacial transition zone, which reduced porosity by ~ 14.9% and increased UPV to ~ 4400&#xa0;m/s. Steel fibers contributed to enhanced crack resistance, ductility, and post-peak behavior. The optimal hybrid mix (1% fiber + 5% bacteria) achieved compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of 35.9, 4.0, and 7.6&#xa0;MPa, respectively, representing up to 56% improvement over the control. The results demonstrate that bio-mechanical hybridization significantly enhances mechanical and durability properties under controlled laboratory conditions. However, further validation under long-term exposure and field conditions is required to establish practical scalability.</p>

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Synergistic effects of microbially induced calcite precipitation and steel fiber reinforcement on microstructure, mechanical performance, and durability of concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Vennala Manupati,
  • L. Sudeer Reddy

摘要

This study investigates the integrated enhancement of concrete performance through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and steel fiber reinforcement to improve mechanical properties, durability, and microstructural characteristics. Sixteen concrete mixes including conventional, steel fiber-reinforced (0.8–2% by volume), bacterial-modified (1–10% Bacillus subtilis by cement mass), and hybrid composites were systematically prepared and evaluated. Mechanical performance was assessed via compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests, while durability and microstructure were examined using porosity measurements, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. MICP promoted calcite formation, refining pore structure and densifying the interfacial transition zone, which reduced porosity by ~ 14.9% and increased UPV to ~ 4400 m/s. Steel fibers contributed to enhanced crack resistance, ductility, and post-peak behavior. The optimal hybrid mix (1% fiber + 5% bacteria) achieved compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of 35.9, 4.0, and 7.6 MPa, respectively, representing up to 56% improvement over the control. The results demonstrate that bio-mechanical hybridization significantly enhances mechanical and durability properties under controlled laboratory conditions. However, further validation under long-term exposure and field conditions is required to establish practical scalability.