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<p>Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels (PCSPs) are thermally insulating building-envelope components widely used in roofs and walls to reduce self-weight and heat transfer, improving energy efficiency. This study experimentally evaluates the flexural response of PCSPs assembled using removable mechanical shear connectors made of steel, thermoplastic polymers: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Carbon-filled Polytetrafluoroethylene (C-PTFE), and a hybrid composite (HDPE inside a steel tube). Eight full-scale specimens (1450 × 500 × 200&#xa0;mm) were tested under four-point bending: one solid reference panel and seven sandwich panels comprising two 40&#xa0;mm concrete wythes connected across a 120&#xa0;mm core that was intentionally left void to isolate the structural contribution of the connectors. The solid panel achieved the highest capacity and stiffness (ultimate load 117.26 kN, initial stiffness 63.72 kN/mm). Among PCSPs, the composite connector delivered the highest ultimate load (38.48 kN) with large midspan displacement at failure (62.49&#xa0;mm), closely followed by the HDPE tube connector (37.59 kN, 60.73&#xa0;mm). In contrast, the steel tube connector exhibited the lowest capacity (11.89 kN). Energy absorption was maximized by the composite connector (1845.50 kN·mm) and HDPE tube (1706.44 kN·mm), exceeding the steel tube specimen (148.48 kN·mm) by more than an order of magnitude. Ultimate-load-based composite action reached 26% for the best-performing PCSPs, and the neutral-axis method provided the most representative Degree of Composite Action (DCA) estimates (up to 22.50% at 4 kN). Overall, connector material and geometry governed both strength and failure mode; more compliant polymer/composite connectors promoted gradual load transfer and higher deformation capacity than rigid configurations.</p>

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Flexural investigation of precast concrete sandwich panels with removable polymeric shear connectors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Hayder M. Abdzaid,
  • Ashraf A. Alfeehan

摘要

Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels (PCSPs) are thermally insulating building-envelope components widely used in roofs and walls to reduce self-weight and heat transfer, improving energy efficiency. This study experimentally evaluates the flexural response of PCSPs assembled using removable mechanical shear connectors made of steel, thermoplastic polymers: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Carbon-filled Polytetrafluoroethylene (C-PTFE), and a hybrid composite (HDPE inside a steel tube). Eight full-scale specimens (1450 × 500 × 200 mm) were tested under four-point bending: one solid reference panel and seven sandwich panels comprising two 40 mm concrete wythes connected across a 120 mm core that was intentionally left void to isolate the structural contribution of the connectors. The solid panel achieved the highest capacity and stiffness (ultimate load 117.26 kN, initial stiffness 63.72 kN/mm). Among PCSPs, the composite connector delivered the highest ultimate load (38.48 kN) with large midspan displacement at failure (62.49 mm), closely followed by the HDPE tube connector (37.59 kN, 60.73 mm). In contrast, the steel tube connector exhibited the lowest capacity (11.89 kN). Energy absorption was maximized by the composite connector (1845.50 kN·mm) and HDPE tube (1706.44 kN·mm), exceeding the steel tube specimen (148.48 kN·mm) by more than an order of magnitude. Ultimate-load-based composite action reached 26% for the best-performing PCSPs, and the neutral-axis method provided the most representative Degree of Composite Action (DCA) estimates (up to 22.50% at 4 kN). Overall, connector material and geometry governed both strength and failure mode; more compliant polymer/composite connectors promoted gradual load transfer and higher deformation capacity than rigid configurations.