<p>Despite extensive analytical work on Indo-Islamic lime plasters, the material logic governing plaster stratification and long-term performance in funerary architecture remains insufficiently understood from a building pathology perspective. In particular, it remains unclear whether durability and surface stability were historically achieved through hydraulic modification of lime binders or through functional material layering controlled by binder purity, aggregate grading, and carbonation dynamics. This study addresses this gap through a multi-analytical diagnostic investigation of lime plasters from a Turkish-style Indo-Islamic tomb at Khultabad, near Daulatabad. Stratigraphically resolved analyses integrating X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, particle-size distribution, and stepwise thermal mass-loss measurements reveal a deliberately engineered, non-hydraulic air-lime composite system. Binder-rich finishing layers are characterised by elevated calcium content, fine particle-size distribution, and well-developed calcite crystallinity consistent with natural atmospheric carbonation, while underlying plaster layers incorporate graded siliceous and ferruginous mineral aggregates consistent with lateritic soil-derived materials, that contribute to mechanical stability and dimensional control. No mineralogical, spectroscopic, or thermal evidence for pozzolanic, gypsum-based, or organic binders was detected. The results indicate functional differentiation within a stratified air-lime system. While preservation suggests long-term stability, durability was not quantitatively assessed. By elucidating the technological logic underlying layered air-lime plasters in a Turkish-style Indo-Islamic funerary context, this study provides diagnostically relevant insights for the interpretation, conservation, and compatible rehabilitation of historic lime-based masonry systems.</p>