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<p>Base isolation is a widely adopted passive strategy for seismic protection. However, conventional systems may experience excessive base displacement when subjected to near-field ground motions. To address this limitation, this study proposes a smart base isolation system that integrates laminated rubber bearings with shape memory alloy (SMA) wire dampers and presents a system-level comparative evaluation of passive and semi-active SMA control strategies within a unified MATLAB–Simulink framework. A five-story building frame was analyzed under seismic excitation to quantify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The hysteretic behavior is modeled using the modified Wilde constitutive formulation to capture the superelasticity and self-centering characteristics. The numerical results demonstrated a significant performance enhancement compared with conventional base isolation. In the single-degree-of-freedom configuration, semi-active SMA control reduces peak displacement from 311.4 to 14.6&#xa0;mm (≈ 95.31%), whereas passive SMA control achieves a reduction of approximately 62.43%. For the five-story structure, the top-floor displacement decreased from 310 to 18.9&#xa0;mm (≈ 93.90%) under semi-active control, accompanied by substantial reductions in structural velocity and base acceleration. The proposed semi-active SMA system exhibited superior adaptive energy dissipation and improved control of near-field seismic responses while maintaining a low inter-story drift. These findings highlight the novelty and effectiveness of SMA-based smart base isolation as a robust and practical solution for enhancing the seismic resilience of mid-rise and critical infrastructure buildings.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Smart base isolation system of building frame using shape memory alloy damper

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Vimal Kumar Gupta,
  • Saurabh Dubey

摘要

Base isolation is a widely adopted passive strategy for seismic protection. However, conventional systems may experience excessive base displacement when subjected to near-field ground motions. To address this limitation, this study proposes a smart base isolation system that integrates laminated rubber bearings with shape memory alloy (SMA) wire dampers and presents a system-level comparative evaluation of passive and semi-active SMA control strategies within a unified MATLAB–Simulink framework. A five-story building frame was analyzed under seismic excitation to quantify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The hysteretic behavior is modeled using the modified Wilde constitutive formulation to capture the superelasticity and self-centering characteristics. The numerical results demonstrated a significant performance enhancement compared with conventional base isolation. In the single-degree-of-freedom configuration, semi-active SMA control reduces peak displacement from 311.4 to 14.6 mm (≈ 95.31%), whereas passive SMA control achieves a reduction of approximately 62.43%. For the five-story structure, the top-floor displacement decreased from 310 to 18.9 mm (≈ 93.90%) under semi-active control, accompanied by substantial reductions in structural velocity and base acceleration. The proposed semi-active SMA system exhibited superior adaptive energy dissipation and improved control of near-field seismic responses while maintaining a low inter-story drift. These findings highlight the novelty and effectiveness of SMA-based smart base isolation as a robust and practical solution for enhancing the seismic resilience of mid-rise and critical infrastructure buildings.

Graphical abstract