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<p>Earthquake reconnaissance has repeatedly shown that the majority of bridge damage is governed by the inelastic deformation and potential rupture of piers, accompanied by substantial residual displacements that compromise post-event serviceability. Reducing these permanent deformations has therefore become a key objective in the development of resilient bridge systems. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), capable of undergoing large reversible strains through stress- or temperature-induced phase transformations, offer a promising pathway for achieving low-damage performance in reinforced concrete bridge piers. This study presents a detailed numerical assessment of circular bridge piers reinforced with SMA bars in the plastic hinge region, while conventional steel reinforcement is maintained along the remaining height. Nonlinear static pushover analyses are performed under constant axial load to evaluate structural performance across key flexural limit states, including cracking, spalling, yielding, and crushing. To quantify the influence of governing design parameters, the Taguchi Design of Experiments approach is adopted, considering variations in aspect ratio, axial load ratio, concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, SMA type, and plastic hinge length. A validated finite element model is used to characterize global and local responses. Statistical evaluation through analysis of variance identifies the most influential parameters affecting base shear and drift capacities. Regression models are developed to predict flexural performance indicators, allowing broader generalization of the findings. Results confirm that SMA reinforcement significantly enhances re-centring behaviour and reduces residual displacement, with material type and aspect ratio emerging as dominant factors. The study demonstrates that SMA-based reinforcement can provide measurable improvements in seismic resilience and offers a viable alternative to conventional reinforcement strategies for next-generation, low-damage bridge design.</p>

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Seismic performance evaluation of bridge piers reinforced with shape memory alloys in plastic hinge region using Taguchi method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Kanan Thakkar,
  • Anant Parghi

摘要

Earthquake reconnaissance has repeatedly shown that the majority of bridge damage is governed by the inelastic deformation and potential rupture of piers, accompanied by substantial residual displacements that compromise post-event serviceability. Reducing these permanent deformations has therefore become a key objective in the development of resilient bridge systems. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), capable of undergoing large reversible strains through stress- or temperature-induced phase transformations, offer a promising pathway for achieving low-damage performance in reinforced concrete bridge piers. This study presents a detailed numerical assessment of circular bridge piers reinforced with SMA bars in the plastic hinge region, while conventional steel reinforcement is maintained along the remaining height. Nonlinear static pushover analyses are performed under constant axial load to evaluate structural performance across key flexural limit states, including cracking, spalling, yielding, and crushing. To quantify the influence of governing design parameters, the Taguchi Design of Experiments approach is adopted, considering variations in aspect ratio, axial load ratio, concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, SMA type, and plastic hinge length. A validated finite element model is used to characterize global and local responses. Statistical evaluation through analysis of variance identifies the most influential parameters affecting base shear and drift capacities. Regression models are developed to predict flexural performance indicators, allowing broader generalization of the findings. Results confirm that SMA reinforcement significantly enhances re-centring behaviour and reduces residual displacement, with material type and aspect ratio emerging as dominant factors. The study demonstrates that SMA-based reinforcement can provide measurable improvements in seismic resilience and offers a viable alternative to conventional reinforcement strategies for next-generation, low-damage bridge design.