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<p>This study explores the potential of lignocellulosic biomass ashes as partial replacements for clinker and pozzolana in cement production. Due to environmental and economic challenges posed by conventional cement production, sustainable alternatives to reduce carbon emissions and resource dependency is necessitated. The aim is to select the best biomass ash and specifically to produce and characterize the ashes, reduce emissions and biomass wastages. Five biomass types bamboo, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, eucalyptus and pine sawdust were evaluated for thermal decomposition, chemical composition and physical properties. Biomass samples were Sun-dried (&lt; 15% moisture), milled to ≤ 3&#xa0;mm of particle sizes and pyrolyzed at 700–780&#xa0;°C in an emission recovery kiln. While X-ray fluorescence (XRF) characterized the chemical composition of ashes. Physical properties, including particle size distribution, Blaine surface area, and pH, were evaluated as per ASTM, BSEN and ISO standards. The results revealed biomass is constituted by moisture content, volatile matter ash and fix carbon as 6–8%; 70–85%; 10–20% and 1.4–3.5% respectively and thermally decomposed through dehydration (25–200&#xa0;°C); devolatilization (216–450&#xa0;°C) and decomposition of lignin (450–550&#xa0;°C). Thermal analysis showed rice husks yielded the highest ash content (19.88%) with other biomasses statistically yielding the same (10–16.1%) except for Eucalyptus ash with the least content (7.51%). amorphous oxides varied with significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). Rice husk ash emerged highest with 76%, though alkali and loss on ignition (LOI) remained high. Rice husk ash remained viable for partial replacement of clinker and pozzolana. However, LOI content (11.36%) is considered for bounding in cement product as a measure to reduce CO₂ emissions; volatile matter solution for washing of alkali metals in ash and blending rice husk ash with calcium-rich ashes to enhance pozzolanic reactivity. Key recommendations include bounding of LOI content in cement product, optimizing blending ratios, mitigating alkali content, and conducting field trials for large-scale adoption in sustainable construction.</p>

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Evaluating the suitability of selected lignocellulosic biomass for clinker and pozzolana components partial replacement in cement production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Solomon Ongora,
  • Ahamada Zziwa,
  • Simon Savio Kizito,
  • Hussein Kivumbi Balimunsi,
  • Denis Nsubuga,
  • David Matsape

摘要

This study explores the potential of lignocellulosic biomass ashes as partial replacements for clinker and pozzolana in cement production. Due to environmental and economic challenges posed by conventional cement production, sustainable alternatives to reduce carbon emissions and resource dependency is necessitated. The aim is to select the best biomass ash and specifically to produce and characterize the ashes, reduce emissions and biomass wastages. Five biomass types bamboo, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, eucalyptus and pine sawdust were evaluated for thermal decomposition, chemical composition and physical properties. Biomass samples were Sun-dried (< 15% moisture), milled to ≤ 3 mm of particle sizes and pyrolyzed at 700–780 °C in an emission recovery kiln. While X-ray fluorescence (XRF) characterized the chemical composition of ashes. Physical properties, including particle size distribution, Blaine surface area, and pH, were evaluated as per ASTM, BSEN and ISO standards. The results revealed biomass is constituted by moisture content, volatile matter ash and fix carbon as 6–8%; 70–85%; 10–20% and 1.4–3.5% respectively and thermally decomposed through dehydration (25–200 °C); devolatilization (216–450 °C) and decomposition of lignin (450–550 °C). Thermal analysis showed rice husks yielded the highest ash content (19.88%) with other biomasses statistically yielding the same (10–16.1%) except for Eucalyptus ash with the least content (7.51%). amorphous oxides varied with significant differences (p < 0.05). Rice husk ash emerged highest with 76%, though alkali and loss on ignition (LOI) remained high. Rice husk ash remained viable for partial replacement of clinker and pozzolana. However, LOI content (11.36%) is considered for bounding in cement product as a measure to reduce CO₂ emissions; volatile matter solution for washing of alkali metals in ash and blending rice husk ash with calcium-rich ashes to enhance pozzolanic reactivity. Key recommendations include bounding of LOI content in cement product, optimizing blending ratios, mitigating alkali content, and conducting field trials for large-scale adoption in sustainable construction.