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<p>Building fires pose significant threats to life, property, and the environment, particularly in densely populated structures with complex layouts and high occupant turnover rates. Effective evacuation planning is essential for mitigating these risks. This study proposes a context-specific fire evacuation framework that integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM) with advanced simulation tools to support fire safety assessment in developing countries. The methodology combines BIM-derived building geometry with fire and smoke propagation modeling using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and evacuation analysis via agent-based modeling in Pathfinder. Multiple fire scenarios were simulated to identify high-risk zones, assess evacuation delays, and evaluate the effectiveness of escape routes. A case study of the FR Tower fire in Bangladesh provides a qualitative comparison between simulation outcomes and observed incident conditions, serving as a plausibility check of the model. The findings highlight the potential of BIM-integrated simulations to support data-driven fire safety planning in resource-constrained environments while underscoring the need for further empirical validation to enhance predictive robustness.</p>

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A BIM-based simulation and evacuation assessment to improve fire safety management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Jhumana Akter,
  • Sabrin Sultana,
  • Md. Mehrab Hossain,
  • Shuvo Dip Datta,
  • Md Tashfique Enam Tutul

摘要

Building fires pose significant threats to life, property, and the environment, particularly in densely populated structures with complex layouts and high occupant turnover rates. Effective evacuation planning is essential for mitigating these risks. This study proposes a context-specific fire evacuation framework that integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM) with advanced simulation tools to support fire safety assessment in developing countries. The methodology combines BIM-derived building geometry with fire and smoke propagation modeling using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and evacuation analysis via agent-based modeling in Pathfinder. Multiple fire scenarios were simulated to identify high-risk zones, assess evacuation delays, and evaluate the effectiveness of escape routes. A case study of the FR Tower fire in Bangladesh provides a qualitative comparison between simulation outcomes and observed incident conditions, serving as a plausibility check of the model. The findings highlight the potential of BIM-integrated simulations to support data-driven fire safety planning in resource-constrained environments while underscoring the need for further empirical validation to enhance predictive robustness.