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<p>This study presents comprehensive mechanical properties and structural evaluation of RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) bars. A range of specimens with varying reinforcement configurations were tested to assess ultimate load capacity, strain distribution, deflection, and failure modes under flexural loading. The beam reinforced with two Ø12 mm steel bars and two Ø12 mm CFRP bars (2S12-2C12) achieved the highest ultimate load capacity of 96 kN, a compressive strain of 2650 µε, tensile strain of 1550 µε, and a midspan deflection of 9.2&#xa0;mm, demonstrating superior stiffness and crack control. Beams strengthened with NSM BFRP bars exhibited up to 56% increase in load capacity and 38% reduction in deflection compared to steel-only control specimens, indicating notable performance gains despite lower tensile strength than CFRP. Failure modes transitioned from ductile steel yielding in control beams to FRP debonding and rupture in strengthened beams, emphasizing the importance of proper anchorage. Numerical results showed strong correlation with experiments and revealed that ACI 440.2R-08 design predictions, with an environmental reduction factor of 0.75, conservatively estimate flexural capacity with ACI-to-numerical ratios ranging from 0.94 to 0.98. The findings affirm that NSM CFRP bars provide the most effective enhancement of RC beam flexural performance, while BFRP offers a cost-effective alternative for moderate strengthening, guiding engineers toward optimized retrofit solutions balancing durability, cost, and sustainability demands.</p>

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Comparative study on mechanical properties and structural performance of RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted carbon and Basalt FRP

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Yashar Hussen Ali,
  • Raid Ismaeel Mohammed,
  • Abdulrazaq K. Abdulwahd,
  • Riyadh Alsultani

摘要

This study presents comprehensive mechanical properties and structural evaluation of RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) bars. A range of specimens with varying reinforcement configurations were tested to assess ultimate load capacity, strain distribution, deflection, and failure modes under flexural loading. The beam reinforced with two Ø12 mm steel bars and two Ø12 mm CFRP bars (2S12-2C12) achieved the highest ultimate load capacity of 96 kN, a compressive strain of 2650 µε, tensile strain of 1550 µε, and a midspan deflection of 9.2 mm, demonstrating superior stiffness and crack control. Beams strengthened with NSM BFRP bars exhibited up to 56% increase in load capacity and 38% reduction in deflection compared to steel-only control specimens, indicating notable performance gains despite lower tensile strength than CFRP. Failure modes transitioned from ductile steel yielding in control beams to FRP debonding and rupture in strengthened beams, emphasizing the importance of proper anchorage. Numerical results showed strong correlation with experiments and revealed that ACI 440.2R-08 design predictions, with an environmental reduction factor of 0.75, conservatively estimate flexural capacity with ACI-to-numerical ratios ranging from 0.94 to 0.98. The findings affirm that NSM CFRP bars provide the most effective enhancement of RC beam flexural performance, while BFRP offers a cost-effective alternative for moderate strengthening, guiding engineers toward optimized retrofit solutions balancing durability, cost, and sustainability demands.