<p>Seismic vulnerability expresses the structures’ response to earthquakes. The least damaged structures are the most resilient and exhibit low vulnerability. Understanding the seismic behavior of an existing structure requires knowledge of its specific structural features, the materials it is made of, and the design codes used. However, a building stock generally includes structures for which limited knowledge and design regulations exist. This applies to unreinforced masonry structures, which form a substantial part of the Tizi-Ouzou city. These structures are very old, and their preservation state varies considerably. They are generally of low height, with relatively thick load-bearing walls arranged along the main direction. The aim of this paper is to analytically construct capacity curves that characterize the behavior of these structures under seismic loads. Capacity curves illustrate the variation in shear force at the base of the structure as a function of the displacement at its top. Five damage levels are defined and identified on these curves. The relationship between top displacement and spectral displacement, which characterizes the seismic action, coupled with damage assessment, defines the vulnerability curves of these structures.</p>