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<p>The earthquake input energy imparted in a building is dissipated through hysteretic behavior and an additional mechanism characterized by viscous damping. Hysteretic energy is the energy that dissipates due to cumulative inelastic deformations due to the reversal of loads during seismic excitation. In Energy-Based Design (EBD), the evaluation of hysteretic energy demand is regarded as the initial and crucial step among three fundamental steps: evaluation of earthquake input energy, hysteretic energy, and energy dissipation capacity. Once the distribution of earthquake input energy is known, primarily as hysteric energy and its distribution among the structural components, the energy dissipation capacity can be improved with proper seismic detailing for reinforced concrete members. Knowing the distribution of hysteretic energy is of utmost importance since it is related to damage and can be utilized as a demand parameter in EBD, and to evaluate the seismic performance. Several studies have been extensively conducted for the determination of earthquake input energy, energy dissipation systems, and hysteretic energy of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems, as well as steel structures based on equivalent SDOF systems previously. Still, fewer studies have focused on multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) reinforced concrete structures. This study aims to focus on the distribution of hysteretic energy among structural components, story-wise distribution, and the ratio of distributed energy to total input energy in reinforced concrete (RC) framed low-rise residential buildings. For this purpose, a representative case study building is selected with a parametric study, designed as per the new <i>Nepal National Building Code</i> (NBC 105:2020), and then the nonlinear time history analysis is conducted using PERFORM 3D software, subjected to 11 pairs of strong ground motion records. The distribution of hysteretic energy in each component is evaluated. This investigation indicates that an average of 56.5% of input energy dissipated in the form of hysteretic energy, and most of this energy (75%) is dissipated by the beams, and the remaining 25% by the columns, satisfying the strong column and weak beam concept. The distribution of hysteretic energy identifies the components of the building with high irrecoverable energy demands, highlighting the specific components that require a greater energy absorption capacity. The ratio of hysteretic energy to input energy was also evaluated, and with a known earthquake input energy, this information will help to anticipate the expected hysteretic demand. This energy demand can then be utilized to evaluate seismic performance by comparing it with the associated energy dissipation capacity, which can be considered in further studies.</p>

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Hysteretic energy evaluation of typical low-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings in Nepal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月18日

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  • Jhabindra Poudel,
  • Fawad Ahmed Najam,
  • Naveed Anwar

摘要

The earthquake input energy imparted in a building is dissipated through hysteretic behavior and an additional mechanism characterized by viscous damping. Hysteretic energy is the energy that dissipates due to cumulative inelastic deformations due to the reversal of loads during seismic excitation. In Energy-Based Design (EBD), the evaluation of hysteretic energy demand is regarded as the initial and crucial step among three fundamental steps: evaluation of earthquake input energy, hysteretic energy, and energy dissipation capacity. Once the distribution of earthquake input energy is known, primarily as hysteric energy and its distribution among the structural components, the energy dissipation capacity can be improved with proper seismic detailing for reinforced concrete members. Knowing the distribution of hysteretic energy is of utmost importance since it is related to damage and can be utilized as a demand parameter in EBD, and to evaluate the seismic performance. Several studies have been extensively conducted for the determination of earthquake input energy, energy dissipation systems, and hysteretic energy of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems, as well as steel structures based on equivalent SDOF systems previously. Still, fewer studies have focused on multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) reinforced concrete structures. This study aims to focus on the distribution of hysteretic energy among structural components, story-wise distribution, and the ratio of distributed energy to total input energy in reinforced concrete (RC) framed low-rise residential buildings. For this purpose, a representative case study building is selected with a parametric study, designed as per the new Nepal National Building Code (NBC 105:2020), and then the nonlinear time history analysis is conducted using PERFORM 3D software, subjected to 11 pairs of strong ground motion records. The distribution of hysteretic energy in each component is evaluated. This investigation indicates that an average of 56.5% of input energy dissipated in the form of hysteretic energy, and most of this energy (75%) is dissipated by the beams, and the remaining 25% by the columns, satisfying the strong column and weak beam concept. The distribution of hysteretic energy identifies the components of the building with high irrecoverable energy demands, highlighting the specific components that require a greater energy absorption capacity. The ratio of hysteretic energy to input energy was also evaluated, and with a known earthquake input energy, this information will help to anticipate the expected hysteretic demand. This energy demand can then be utilized to evaluate seismic performance by comparing it with the associated energy dissipation capacity, which can be considered in further studies.