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<p>This study investigates the influence of cement-based spacers, including site-produced (SSPO) and industrially manufactured (SSIM), on reinforcement corrosion in concrete exposed to chloride ions and accelerated carbonation. Prismatic specimens with a nominal 2.5&#xa0;cm cover were tested. SSPO spacers exceeded the specified thickness but showed high dimensional variability, while SSIM spacers were more consistent but thinner than required. <?tk 1?>Under chloride exposure, SSIM reached the most electronegative corrosion potential (− 718.27 mV), with a 0.75% mass loss, followed by SSPO (− 631.40 mV, 0.64%) and SREF (− 572.77 mV, 0.54%). Under accelerated carbonation, corrosion potentials reached − 477.7 mV for SSIM, − 429.2 mV for SSPO, and − 334.9 mV for SREF. Carbonation depths were 23.8&#xa0;mm for SSIM, 23.6&#xa0;mm for SSPO, and 22.1&#xa0;mm for SREF. Although SSIM spacers exhibited the lowest capillary absorption (0.35&#xa0;g/cm<sup>2</sup>), their total water absorption (8.04%) exceeded that of the reference concrete (3.77%). Their performance was compromised by insufficient cover thickness and interface discontinuities. <?tk 1?>A strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.852) was found between mass loss and corrosion rate. These findings emphasize the pivotal influence of spacer geometry, porosity, and interface integrity on the long-term durability of reinforced concrete structures under aggressive environmental conditions.</p>

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Chloride and carbonation synergy on concrete-spacer interfaces: insights into durability performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月7日

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  • Carlos F. G. Nascimento,
  • Tacylla C. M. F. Quental,
  • Igor V. Fernandes,
  • Leonardo J. S. Vale,
  • Eliana C. B. Monteiro,
  • Antônio A. Melo Neto,
  • João M. P. Q. Delgado

摘要

This study investigates the influence of cement-based spacers, including site-produced (SSPO) and industrially manufactured (SSIM), on reinforcement corrosion in concrete exposed to chloride ions and accelerated carbonation. Prismatic specimens with a nominal 2.5 cm cover were tested. SSPO spacers exceeded the specified thickness but showed high dimensional variability, while SSIM spacers were more consistent but thinner than required. Under chloride exposure, SSIM reached the most electronegative corrosion potential (− 718.27 mV), with a 0.75% mass loss, followed by SSPO (− 631.40 mV, 0.64%) and SREF (− 572.77 mV, 0.54%). Under accelerated carbonation, corrosion potentials reached − 477.7 mV for SSIM, − 429.2 mV for SSPO, and − 334.9 mV for SREF. Carbonation depths were 23.8 mm for SSIM, 23.6 mm for SSPO, and 22.1 mm for SREF. Although SSIM spacers exhibited the lowest capillary absorption (0.35 g/cm2), their total water absorption (8.04%) exceeded that of the reference concrete (3.77%). Their performance was compromised by insufficient cover thickness and interface discontinuities. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.852) was found between mass loss and corrosion rate. These findings emphasize the pivotal influence of spacer geometry, porosity, and interface integrity on the long-term durability of reinforced concrete structures under aggressive environmental conditions.