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<p>Concrete structural elements function effectively by exhibiting resilience under static and dynamic loads, effectively absorbing energy to prevent catastrophic failure. Recycling scrap tire rubber as aggregate offers an eco-friendly approach to improving the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete while addressing environmental concerns. This study investigates experimentally the behavior of rubberized concrete (RuC) under low-velocity repeated impact loading, focusing on the effect of replacing 10% of sand with crumb rubber (CR) to optimize the balance between enhanced impact resistance and slight reductions in static strengths. Additionally, the study evaluates the performance of RuC enhanced with 1% steel fiber (to mitigate strength reductions from rubber addition) and 1% superplasticizer. The study investigated the impact and flexural behavior of three concrete mixes: ordinary concrete, RuC with 10% crumb CR, and enhanced RuC (with 10% CR, steel fibers, and superplasticizer). Six beams (100&#xa0;mm × 100&#xa0;mm × 500&#xa0;mm) were tested; three for repeated impact loading (7&#xa0;kg drop mass from 450&#xa0;mm) and three for three-point flexural testing. Compression and direct tensile tests were also conducted on each concrete mix to characterize their mechanical properties. The experimental results disclosed that incorporating 10% CR reduced the concrete compressive strength by 32.4%, but the addition of steel fibers and superplasticizer mitigated this reduction, restoring strength to near-control levels. The enhanced RuC exhibited superior flexural performance and damage resistance under impact loading, requiring significantly more blows to induce cracking and failure compared to both control and RuC. The results demonstrate that the blend of CR and steel fibers enhances toughness, ductility, and energy dissipation, making RuC a viable material for applications requiring superior impact resistance. This study additionally proposes a validated finite element model that accurately predicted experimental results and simulated impact load and midspan deflection time histories under repeated impact loading.</p>

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Experimental study of the synergistic effect of crumb rubber and steel fiber on the flexural and impact performance of concrete beams

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Ahmad G. Saad,
  • Mohammed A. Sakr,
  • Tarek M. Khalifa,
  • Esam A. Darwish

摘要

Concrete structural elements function effectively by exhibiting resilience under static and dynamic loads, effectively absorbing energy to prevent catastrophic failure. Recycling scrap tire rubber as aggregate offers an eco-friendly approach to improving the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete while addressing environmental concerns. This study investigates experimentally the behavior of rubberized concrete (RuC) under low-velocity repeated impact loading, focusing on the effect of replacing 10% of sand with crumb rubber (CR) to optimize the balance between enhanced impact resistance and slight reductions in static strengths. Additionally, the study evaluates the performance of RuC enhanced with 1% steel fiber (to mitigate strength reductions from rubber addition) and 1% superplasticizer. The study investigated the impact and flexural behavior of three concrete mixes: ordinary concrete, RuC with 10% crumb CR, and enhanced RuC (with 10% CR, steel fibers, and superplasticizer). Six beams (100 mm × 100 mm × 500 mm) were tested; three for repeated impact loading (7 kg drop mass from 450 mm) and three for three-point flexural testing. Compression and direct tensile tests were also conducted on each concrete mix to characterize their mechanical properties. The experimental results disclosed that incorporating 10% CR reduced the concrete compressive strength by 32.4%, but the addition of steel fibers and superplasticizer mitigated this reduction, restoring strength to near-control levels. The enhanced RuC exhibited superior flexural performance and damage resistance under impact loading, requiring significantly more blows to induce cracking and failure compared to both control and RuC. The results demonstrate that the blend of CR and steel fibers enhances toughness, ductility, and energy dissipation, making RuC a viable material for applications requiring superior impact resistance. This study additionally proposes a validated finite element model that accurately predicted experimental results and simulated impact load and midspan deflection time histories under repeated impact loading.