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<p>Grouting is an effective technique for alleviating geological disasters in water-rich fractured rock masses within submarine tunnels. In this study, ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-sodium silicate (SS) (C-S) and sulphoaluminate cement (SAC)-SS (S-S) were tested for grouting diffusion and sealing in fractures under both seawater hydrostatic and hydrodynamic conditions. Through comparative experiments, the diffusion patterns and pressure distributions of the grout were elucidated. The impact of dynamic water velocity, fracture width and grouting rate on the sealing performance was analyzed. The findings reveal that slurry exhibits superior diffusion capacity in plate fractures compared to rough fractures, with S-S slurry demonstrating enhanced diffusion capabilities. Hydrodynamic conditions exert the most significant influence on grouting diffusion patterns. The pressure evolution over time can be segmented into two distinct phases: growth and stabilization. In both static and dynamic water environments, the pressure growth rate during the growth phase and the final pressure in the stabilization phase are highest when C-S grout is applied in 3&#xa0;mm rough fractures. Sealing efficiency is primarily dictated by water injection velocity, with fracture width playing a secondary role, and grouting rate exerting minimal influence. Range analysis identifies the optimal sealing conditions as a fracture width of 3&#xa0;mm, a water injection rate of 0.018&#xa0;m/s, and a grouting rate of 9.42&#xa0;L/min. Numerical simulations corroborate that sealing efficiency remains within acceptable limits and follows a consistent trend. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing grouting materials and construction parameters.</p>

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Study on Diffusion Mechanism and Sealing Effect of Cement-Sodium Silicate Slurry in Fractured Stratum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Fei Sha,
  • Yulong Dong,
  • Hongying Niu,
  • Rui Fan

摘要

Grouting is an effective technique for alleviating geological disasters in water-rich fractured rock masses within submarine tunnels. In this study, ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-sodium silicate (SS) (C-S) and sulphoaluminate cement (SAC)-SS (S-S) were tested for grouting diffusion and sealing in fractures under both seawater hydrostatic and hydrodynamic conditions. Through comparative experiments, the diffusion patterns and pressure distributions of the grout were elucidated. The impact of dynamic water velocity, fracture width and grouting rate on the sealing performance was analyzed. The findings reveal that slurry exhibits superior diffusion capacity in plate fractures compared to rough fractures, with S-S slurry demonstrating enhanced diffusion capabilities. Hydrodynamic conditions exert the most significant influence on grouting diffusion patterns. The pressure evolution over time can be segmented into two distinct phases: growth and stabilization. In both static and dynamic water environments, the pressure growth rate during the growth phase and the final pressure in the stabilization phase are highest when C-S grout is applied in 3 mm rough fractures. Sealing efficiency is primarily dictated by water injection velocity, with fracture width playing a secondary role, and grouting rate exerting minimal influence. Range analysis identifies the optimal sealing conditions as a fracture width of 3 mm, a water injection rate of 0.018 m/s, and a grouting rate of 9.42 L/min. Numerical simulations corroborate that sealing efficiency remains within acceptable limits and follows a consistent trend. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing grouting materials and construction parameters.