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<p>In this study, the load-transfer mechanism and key bearing capacity parameters of a thick six-pile cap beneath a residential building under construction were investigated through in situ monitoring, finite-element simulation, and topology optimization. Field instrumentation (strain gauges, pressure cells) revealed that the internal force flow aligns with a spatial-truss model: bottom reinforcement acts as tensile ties, corner piles carry 19% of the load (versus 13% for side piles), and reactions remain stable during construction. The ratio of earth pressure to the total reaction is very small and can be neglected. Numerical analyses reveal that failure progresses from flexural cracking to tie yielding. Increasing the cap thickness significantly increased the capacity and altered the failure mode; pile-head concentrated reinforcement increased the ultimate load by 17% but had almost no effect on the cracking load, whereas truss-type reinforcement slightly increased the cracking load. More uniform loading increased the strut inclination in the truss model, reducing the tie-yielding risk, and the ultimate load under a large-scale pier column was nearly 50% greater than that under a concentrated column. This transition in the load-bearing behavior is primarily governed by the principle of minimum potential energy of the structure and the material properties of both steel reinforcement and concrete.</p>

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Analysis of Load-Bearing Characteristics of a Six-Pile Thick Cap Under Double L-Shaped Loading Based on Space Truss Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Xiangyuan Shi,
  • Guoliang Dai,
  • Haoran Ouyang,
  • Zhiyu Gong,
  • Yeyu Yan

摘要

In this study, the load-transfer mechanism and key bearing capacity parameters of a thick six-pile cap beneath a residential building under construction were investigated through in situ monitoring, finite-element simulation, and topology optimization. Field instrumentation (strain gauges, pressure cells) revealed that the internal force flow aligns with a spatial-truss model: bottom reinforcement acts as tensile ties, corner piles carry 19% of the load (versus 13% for side piles), and reactions remain stable during construction. The ratio of earth pressure to the total reaction is very small and can be neglected. Numerical analyses reveal that failure progresses from flexural cracking to tie yielding. Increasing the cap thickness significantly increased the capacity and altered the failure mode; pile-head concentrated reinforcement increased the ultimate load by 17% but had almost no effect on the cracking load, whereas truss-type reinforcement slightly increased the cracking load. More uniform loading increased the strut inclination in the truss model, reducing the tie-yielding risk, and the ultimate load under a large-scale pier column was nearly 50% greater than that under a concentrated column. This transition in the load-bearing behavior is primarily governed by the principle of minimum potential energy of the structure and the material properties of both steel reinforcement and concrete.