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<p>To investigate the settlement behavior of Multi-purpose Utility Tunnels (MUTs) embedded in high-water-level silty foundations and to reveal the mechanism by which tunnel structural durability is affected by water level variations, this paper established a fluid-solid coupled model of the MUT-silty-soil-groundwater system. The feasibility of the numerical model was verified through laboratory model tests. The study analyzed the settlement and stress characteristics of the tunnel when the groundwater table fluctuated from above the MUT’s crown (top slab) to below its invert (bottom slab). The research results indicate that changes in the groundwater table significantly affect the vertical displacement of both the MUT and the road surface. When the water level rose by 800&#xa0;cm, the displacement difference at the bottom of the MUT reached 5.99&#xa0;mm, which is 2.21 times the displacement of the road surface (2.71&#xa0;mm), suggesting that the structure itself is far more sensitive to water level changes than the surrounding soil. As the groundwater level dropped, the axial differential settlement between the silt layer and the silty clay layer increased from 0.1004&#xa0;mm to 1.046&#xa0;mm, with the settlement in the silt layer being more pronounced, thus highlighting the necessity of foundation reinforcement. The one-year field monitoring results showed that the maximum settlement observed in the field test and the numerical simulation were 5.22&#xa0;mm and 5.71&#xa0;mm, respectively. The overall trend of settlement variation was consistent, validating the rationality and effectiveness of the simulation. The research findings provide theoretical guidance for deformation prediction of MUTs in high-groundwater-level silty regions.</p>

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Settlement Analysis of Multi-Purpose Utility Tunnels (MUTs) Under High Water Level Silt Foundation Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Hongxi Hu,
  • Peng Hu,
  • Kun Wang,
  • Kai Yuan,
  • Shenpeng Yang

摘要

To investigate the settlement behavior of Multi-purpose Utility Tunnels (MUTs) embedded in high-water-level silty foundations and to reveal the mechanism by which tunnel structural durability is affected by water level variations, this paper established a fluid-solid coupled model of the MUT-silty-soil-groundwater system. The feasibility of the numerical model was verified through laboratory model tests. The study analyzed the settlement and stress characteristics of the tunnel when the groundwater table fluctuated from above the MUT’s crown (top slab) to below its invert (bottom slab). The research results indicate that changes in the groundwater table significantly affect the vertical displacement of both the MUT and the road surface. When the water level rose by 800 cm, the displacement difference at the bottom of the MUT reached 5.99 mm, which is 2.21 times the displacement of the road surface (2.71 mm), suggesting that the structure itself is far more sensitive to water level changes than the surrounding soil. As the groundwater level dropped, the axial differential settlement between the silt layer and the silty clay layer increased from 0.1004 mm to 1.046 mm, with the settlement in the silt layer being more pronounced, thus highlighting the necessity of foundation reinforcement. The one-year field monitoring results showed that the maximum settlement observed in the field test and the numerical simulation were 5.22 mm and 5.71 mm, respectively. The overall trend of settlement variation was consistent, validating the rationality and effectiveness of the simulation. The research findings provide theoretical guidance for deformation prediction of MUTs in high-groundwater-level silty regions.