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<p>High-performance and low-voltage pH sensors are essential for emerging biomedical, environmental, and wearable applications. This study reports a simulation-guided design of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based electrolyte-gated organic thin-film transistor (EG-OTFT) that achieves high sensitivity, operational stability, and fabrication simplicity. The proposed device exhibits a super-Nernstian local voltage sensitivity of approximately 120 mV/pH within the near-linear pH regime (pH 5–9), accompanied by strong current modulation exceeding 90% between pH 4 and 10. Across a broader pH span, a cumulative threshold-voltage shift of ~ 0.5&#xa0;V is observed, with chemically realistic operation emphasised in the pH 3–11 range. Optimization of device and interfacial parameters results in enhanced field-effect mobility (8.5 × 10⁻³ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹), a high on/off current ratio (~ 10⁵), and a reduced trap density of 3.2 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Stability analysis indicates minimal equivalent threshold-voltage drift (–1.5 mV h⁻¹), underscoring the robustness of the Al₂O₃/electrolyte interface. Compared with reported OTFT- and OFET-based pH sensors, the proposed P3HT EG-OTFT demonstrates a favourable balance between sensitivity, stability, and low-voltage operation. These results highlight the potential of P3HT-based EG-OTFT architectures as promising candidates for low-cost, flexible, and wearable pH biosensing platforms.</p>

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Organic Thin Film Transistor for Biosensor (pH) Applications: Design, Simulation, and Multi-objective Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Arpita Gupta,
  • Suresh Pratap,
  • Pradyut Anand

摘要

High-performance and low-voltage pH sensors are essential for emerging biomedical, environmental, and wearable applications. This study reports a simulation-guided design of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based electrolyte-gated organic thin-film transistor (EG-OTFT) that achieves high sensitivity, operational stability, and fabrication simplicity. The proposed device exhibits a super-Nernstian local voltage sensitivity of approximately 120 mV/pH within the near-linear pH regime (pH 5–9), accompanied by strong current modulation exceeding 90% between pH 4 and 10. Across a broader pH span, a cumulative threshold-voltage shift of ~ 0.5 V is observed, with chemically realistic operation emphasised in the pH 3–11 range. Optimization of device and interfacial parameters results in enhanced field-effect mobility (8.5 × 10⁻³ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹), a high on/off current ratio (~ 10⁵), and a reduced trap density of 3.2 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Stability analysis indicates minimal equivalent threshold-voltage drift (–1.5 mV h⁻¹), underscoring the robustness of the Al₂O₃/electrolyte interface. Compared with reported OTFT- and OFET-based pH sensors, the proposed P3HT EG-OTFT demonstrates a favourable balance between sensitivity, stability, and low-voltage operation. These results highlight the potential of P3HT-based EG-OTFT architectures as promising candidates for low-cost, flexible, and wearable pH biosensing platforms.