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<p>This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the impact of Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) on two transformers situated at opposite ends of a transmission line. The analysis is conducted using both experimental and simulation methods. In this study, two 400 kVA 400/400&#xa0;V transformers were subjected to testing. These transformers are laboratory-scale isolation transformers used to emulate the behavior of step-up and step-down transformers in real power systems; their functional roles are represented through the circuit topology rather than voltage transformation ratios. The primary emphasis is on evaluating the harmonic content of the primary winding’s current for both transformers. The research uniquely explores the nuanced variations that transformers exhibit when exposed to DC current saturation, elucidating their dynamic behaviors in response to this phenomenon. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of transformers’ behavior under DC saturation holds significant implications for the effective monitoring and assessment of GIC. The magnetic behavior of the two transformers under GIC is also investigated through a three-dimensional finite-element analysis conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics. Additionally, a power system simulation is performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the GIC impact on transformers, which is crucial for ensuring the reliable operation of power systems in geomagnetically active regions.</p>

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Analyzing Reciprocal Impacts of Geomagnetically Induced Current on Transformers at Both Ends of a Transmission Line: Experiment and Simulation Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Milad Mohammadhosein,
  • Mohammad Hamed Samimi,
  • Sahand Seifi,
  • Afshin Rezaei-Zare

摘要

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the impact of Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) on two transformers situated at opposite ends of a transmission line. The analysis is conducted using both experimental and simulation methods. In this study, two 400 kVA 400/400 V transformers were subjected to testing. These transformers are laboratory-scale isolation transformers used to emulate the behavior of step-up and step-down transformers in real power systems; their functional roles are represented through the circuit topology rather than voltage transformation ratios. The primary emphasis is on evaluating the harmonic content of the primary winding’s current for both transformers. The research uniquely explores the nuanced variations that transformers exhibit when exposed to DC current saturation, elucidating their dynamic behaviors in response to this phenomenon. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of transformers’ behavior under DC saturation holds significant implications for the effective monitoring and assessment of GIC. The magnetic behavior of the two transformers under GIC is also investigated through a three-dimensional finite-element analysis conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics. Additionally, a power system simulation is performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the GIC impact on transformers, which is crucial for ensuring the reliable operation of power systems in geomagnetically active regions.