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<p>Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) with both mobile sensor nodes and mobile sinks are critical in applications such as disaster response and healthcare monitoring. However, frequent topology changes caused by dual mobility severely affect key Quality of Service (QoS) parameters—including latency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio—as well as energy efficiency. This paper proposes DREAM-LEACH, a new clustering protocol specifically designed for dual-mobility MWSNs. Unlike traditional protocols (LEACH, P-LEACH, EA-CRP, MMS-RM) that mainly target static or single-mobility scenarios, DREAM-LEACH incorporates residual energy, distance to the mobile sink, and node mobility into the cluster head selection process. Extensive simulations were conducted in a 1000&#xa0;m × 1000&#xa0;m area with 200–800 nodes, using Random Waypoint mobility for sensors and five different sink mobility patterns (Manhattan Grid, Random Walk, Gauss-Markov, etc.). Results show that DREAM-LEACH significantly outperforms existing approaches: it saves ~ 40% energy compared to LEACH and ~ 14.3% compared to MMS-RM, while achieving much longer network lifetime (46% nodes alive after 1000 rounds versus 37% for MMS-RM and only 10% for LEACH). It also delivers near-perfect packet delivery (~ 99%), ~ 10% higher throughput (~ 400 packets/s), and ~ 15% lower end-to-end delay (~ 0.298&#xa0;s). A detailed energy consumption analysis and sensitivity study of selection weights further confirm the protocol’s robustness and scalability. DREAM-LEACH thus provides an effective and practical solution for real-world dynamic MWSN deployments.</p>

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DREAM-LEACH: Optimized Energy Dual Mobility Aware Routing for QoS-Enhanced in Multi Sink Network

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Akanksha Gupta,
  • Santosh Soni

摘要

Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) with both mobile sensor nodes and mobile sinks are critical in applications such as disaster response and healthcare monitoring. However, frequent topology changes caused by dual mobility severely affect key Quality of Service (QoS) parameters—including latency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio—as well as energy efficiency. This paper proposes DREAM-LEACH, a new clustering protocol specifically designed for dual-mobility MWSNs. Unlike traditional protocols (LEACH, P-LEACH, EA-CRP, MMS-RM) that mainly target static or single-mobility scenarios, DREAM-LEACH incorporates residual energy, distance to the mobile sink, and node mobility into the cluster head selection process. Extensive simulations were conducted in a 1000 m × 1000 m area with 200–800 nodes, using Random Waypoint mobility for sensors and five different sink mobility patterns (Manhattan Grid, Random Walk, Gauss-Markov, etc.). Results show that DREAM-LEACH significantly outperforms existing approaches: it saves ~ 40% energy compared to LEACH and ~ 14.3% compared to MMS-RM, while achieving much longer network lifetime (46% nodes alive after 1000 rounds versus 37% for MMS-RM and only 10% for LEACH). It also delivers near-perfect packet delivery (~ 99%), ~ 10% higher throughput (~ 400 packets/s), and ~ 15% lower end-to-end delay (~ 0.298 s). A detailed energy consumption analysis and sensitivity study of selection weights further confirm the protocol’s robustness and scalability. DREAM-LEACH thus provides an effective and practical solution for real-world dynamic MWSN deployments.