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<p>The proposed study develops an integrated EV charging and propulsion architecture powered by a photovoltaic (PV) source, focusing on efficient energy conversion, stability and improved motor performance. The methodology incorporates a Coupled Inductor-based Cascaded Boost (CI-CB) converter, which effectively steps up and regulates the fluctuating PV output. This converter is governed by a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller optimized using the Sea Turtle Foraging Optimization (STFO) algorithm, ensuring precise voltage regulation and dynamic adaptability. To handle load variations and transient spikes, a bidirectional DC–DC converter with a supercapacitor is employed, enabling both energy storage and discharge support. For propulsion, a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is driven by a three-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), with PI-based control loops maintaining speed stability, while another VSI ensures grid interaction with LC filtering to meet power quality standards. The key findings highlight that the system achieves a converter efficiency of 96%, a rapid dynamic response with a settling time of 0.12&#xa0;s and a notably low grid harmonic distortion of 1.93% THD, validating the system’s capability to deliver stable charging, reliable propulsion and improved grid compliance under variable conditions.</p>

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Optimized Energy Management for Electric Vehicle Charging Using Cascaded Boost Converter and Sea Turtle Foraging Algorithm-Tuned PI Controller

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • S. Arumuga Kani,
  • A. Ravi

摘要

The proposed study develops an integrated EV charging and propulsion architecture powered by a photovoltaic (PV) source, focusing on efficient energy conversion, stability and improved motor performance. The methodology incorporates a Coupled Inductor-based Cascaded Boost (CI-CB) converter, which effectively steps up and regulates the fluctuating PV output. This converter is governed by a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller optimized using the Sea Turtle Foraging Optimization (STFO) algorithm, ensuring precise voltage regulation and dynamic adaptability. To handle load variations and transient spikes, a bidirectional DC–DC converter with a supercapacitor is employed, enabling both energy storage and discharge support. For propulsion, a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is driven by a three-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), with PI-based control loops maintaining speed stability, while another VSI ensures grid interaction with LC filtering to meet power quality standards. The key findings highlight that the system achieves a converter efficiency of 96%, a rapid dynamic response with a settling time of 0.12 s and a notably low grid harmonic distortion of 1.93% THD, validating the system’s capability to deliver stable charging, reliable propulsion and improved grid compliance under variable conditions.