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<p>Access to financial services in rural and underserved regions is hindered by unreliable electricity and limited infrastructure, deepening economic exclusion. This study assesses the potential of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator (DG) system to enhance energy reliability for rural cash centres, using Giedam, a commercial hub in North-East Nigeria, as a case study. HOMER software was used to compare three energy scenarios: diesel-only, PV-battery, and hybrid PV-battery-DG. The hybrid system proved optimal, achieving 85% renewable energy use, reducing diesel consumption by 88%, and maintaining low excess electricity (6.63%), with a competitive cost of energy ($0.321) and net present cost ($137,736.10). Solar contributed 87.4% of energy supply, while batteries offered 10.93&#xa0;h of autonomy. Beyond technical and economic performance, the findings support policy directions that integrate energy planning with financial inclusion strategies. The study underscores the need for targeted subsidies, public-private partnerships, and rural electrification initiatives that prioritise hybrid systems to foster inclusive economic development and environmental sustainability.</p>

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Sustainable Energy for Financial Inclusion: Optimising Hybrid Energy Systems in Underserved Regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Joseph Yakubu Oricha,
  • Shereefdeen Oladapo Sanni,
  • Sikiru Mohammed Abdullahi

摘要

Access to financial services in rural and underserved regions is hindered by unreliable electricity and limited infrastructure, deepening economic exclusion. This study assesses the potential of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator (DG) system to enhance energy reliability for rural cash centres, using Giedam, a commercial hub in North-East Nigeria, as a case study. HOMER software was used to compare three energy scenarios: diesel-only, PV-battery, and hybrid PV-battery-DG. The hybrid system proved optimal, achieving 85% renewable energy use, reducing diesel consumption by 88%, and maintaining low excess electricity (6.63%), with a competitive cost of energy ($0.321) and net present cost ($137,736.10). Solar contributed 87.4% of energy supply, while batteries offered 10.93 h of autonomy. Beyond technical and economic performance, the findings support policy directions that integrate energy planning with financial inclusion strategies. The study underscores the need for targeted subsidies, public-private partnerships, and rural electrification initiatives that prioritise hybrid systems to foster inclusive economic development and environmental sustainability.