Application of RT-Lab in Multi-Area AGC System under Deregulated Environment Considering IPFC-SMES

This article demonstrates the practice of real-time laboratory (RT-Lab) in bilateral transactions of AGC studies. Investigations determine the optimal location of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) in a thermal-renewable system comprising of realistic dish Stirling system in area-1, 2, and precise wind system in area-3 with the integration of accurate model of high voltage direct current (AHVDC) transmission. In addition, a new cascading controller combining a fractional order proportional integral and tilt integral derivative filter (FOPI-TIDN) and their parameters are enhanced by an emperor penguin optimizer technique considering hybrid peak area integral squared error (HPA-ISE) as a new performance criteria. The superiority of the FOPI-TIDN controller is evaluated over FO-PI and TIDN and better dynamics are observed with FOPI-TIDN. Moreover, system dynamics obtained at optimum gain parameters with HPA-ISE shows superior performance over ISE. Further, the response comparison with RT-Lab shows better dynamics than MATLAB Software responses. The responses of the thermal-renwable system unified with SMES, AHVDC and IPFC show better dynamics over the AC and AC-AHVDC system. Furthermore, investigations suggest the ideal setting of SMES-IPFC in fewer capacity areas.