Performance Evaluation of 2D and 3D Beam and Channel Tracking Using Adaptive Filtering Techniques

This work studies the effect of array dimensions on the tracking performance of a single line-of-sight (LoS) path channel in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications system utilizing adaptive filters. We evaluate the performance of the least mean squares filter and compare it with a reference extended Kalman filter in full-dimensional (FD) MIMO channels. Two-dimensional (2D) arrays are deployed to control the elevation and azimuth planes in different tracking scenarios. This paper assumes pedestrian communication between a person in a hall and a station. The state vector in our model comprises the angular channel parameters (the angles of arrival and departure) and the channel path gain. We use the mean squared error (MSE) to evaluate our results. The tracking results of the FD channel parameters are also compared to those of the 2D channel parameters to emphasize the role of the 2D array deployments compared to one-dimensional (1D) arrays to track in an mmWave communications system. Our results confirm that the array configuration is more important than the array size in beam tracking at the mmWave band.