<p>To address the complex vibration behavior of angular contact ball bearings (ACBBs) with compound defects under actual operating conditions, this paper proposes a dynamic modelling method of ACBBs with compound defects, considering elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and impact forces of inner and outer races. Firstly, the contact process of the rolling element passing through the defect region is analyzed, the relationship between displacement caused by defect and time is described using a power function, a new time-varying displacement excitation model is presented, and a comprehensive stiffness model of ACBB considering the influence of EHL is established. Secondly, based on the time-varying displacement excitation model, the instantaneous impact force functions of inner and outer races are defined, which are related to defect size and bearing speed, a dynamic model of ACBB with compound defects is constructed. Finally, the model proposed is verified by experiments, and the influences of lubrication conditions, defect sizes, speeds, and loads on the vibration characteristics of the bearing are investigated. The results show that the vibration feature of compound defects is the coupling effect of frequency and amplitude characteristics of the single defect signal, the periodic characteristic in the time domain is not obvious, and the inner and outer race fault characteristic frequencies and their sidebands appear simultaneously in the envelope spectrum diagram. Under lubrication conditions, the vibration amplitude of the bearing is significantly reduced, and the sensitivity of the bearing vibration to the impact force is decreased. As the defect size and load increase, the fault characteristic frequencies remain unchanged, but their amplitudes increase. With the increase of speed, the fault characteristic frequencies and amplitudes increase. Under the same defect size, the vibration amplitude of the inner race is greater than that of the outer race.</p>