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<p>A type of high-performance composites known as ‘functionally graded materials’ is defined by a uniform and seamless distribution of composition. Geometric nonlinearity is frequently addressed in the conventional examination of functionally graded plates despite the inherent challenges of including material nonlinearity. This paper introduces an innovative isogeometric quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) framework for the complex examination of functionally graded plates, including both geometric and material nonlinearities. The formulation uses 2D discretisation while precisely retrieving comprehensive 3D stress components at each integration point, enhancing computational accuracy, efficiency, and through-thickness stress prediction. The Tamura–Tomita–Ozawa homogenisation method is employed to represent elastoplastic behaviour within an isogeometric framework. An effective return-mapping technique, including a continuous tangent constitutive matrix, improves numerical stability, computational efficiency, and convergence without necessitating local iterations. Moreover, NURBS basis functions offer superior higher-order continuity, enhancing displacement precision and the modelling of nonlinear stress fields. The aforementioned methodology is designed to investigate the elastoplastic flexural properties of functionally graded plates and to delineate the influence of gradation profiles on the load-bearing capacity of these structures.</p>

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A Higher-Order Kinematic Plate Approach for Coupled Inelastic Distortion Mechanisms in Graded Composite Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Alok Nigam,
  • Jitendra Pratap Singh,
  • Ajay Kumar

摘要

A type of high-performance composites known as ‘functionally graded materials’ is defined by a uniform and seamless distribution of composition. Geometric nonlinearity is frequently addressed in the conventional examination of functionally graded plates despite the inherent challenges of including material nonlinearity. This paper introduces an innovative isogeometric quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) framework for the complex examination of functionally graded plates, including both geometric and material nonlinearities. The formulation uses 2D discretisation while precisely retrieving comprehensive 3D stress components at each integration point, enhancing computational accuracy, efficiency, and through-thickness stress prediction. The Tamura–Tomita–Ozawa homogenisation method is employed to represent elastoplastic behaviour within an isogeometric framework. An effective return-mapping technique, including a continuous tangent constitutive matrix, improves numerical stability, computational efficiency, and convergence without necessitating local iterations. Moreover, NURBS basis functions offer superior higher-order continuity, enhancing displacement precision and the modelling of nonlinear stress fields. The aforementioned methodology is designed to investigate the elastoplastic flexural properties of functionally graded plates and to delineate the influence of gradation profiles on the load-bearing capacity of these structures.