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<p>As a confined space, tunnels generate pressure waves during subway train passage, which can affect train safety and passenger comfort. Additionally, the aerodynamic loads caused by high-intensity pressure waves may damage tunnel auxiliary facilities. To investigate the pressure fluctuation patterns during train operation in tunnels, this study utilized three-dimensional compressible unsteady Navier–Stokes equations to simulate pressure waves generated when a train transitions from open tracks into a tunnel. The effects of train speed, trainset configuration, tunnel length, cross-sectional shape, shield diameter, and ventilation shaft configuration on pressure fluctuation amplitudes were analyzed. The results indicate that train surface pressure wave peaks are highly sensitive to speed variations, while pressure amplitudes are inversely proportional to shield diameter. When the tunnel clearance area is fixed, the cross-sectional geometry exerts non-negligible effects on vehicle-train surface pressure fluctuations. The influence of trainset configuration and tunnel length is nonlinear, with significant pressure fluctuations observed at the train's head and tail, emphasizing the need for streamlined design optimization. Ventilation shafts effectively reduce pressure wave amplitudes within the tunnel. These findings provide valuable guidance for the airtight design of high-speed subway trains and the construction of tunnel ventilation shafts.</p>

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Study on the Dynamic Pressure Load Behavior Induced by Piston Wind in Confined Spaces During Subway Operation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Xiong Zhang,
  • YaWei Ma,
  • WenQiang Wang,
  • WenChao Zhong,
  • ShuTing Wan

摘要

As a confined space, tunnels generate pressure waves during subway train passage, which can affect train safety and passenger comfort. Additionally, the aerodynamic loads caused by high-intensity pressure waves may damage tunnel auxiliary facilities. To investigate the pressure fluctuation patterns during train operation in tunnels, this study utilized three-dimensional compressible unsteady Navier–Stokes equations to simulate pressure waves generated when a train transitions from open tracks into a tunnel. The effects of train speed, trainset configuration, tunnel length, cross-sectional shape, shield diameter, and ventilation shaft configuration on pressure fluctuation amplitudes were analyzed. The results indicate that train surface pressure wave peaks are highly sensitive to speed variations, while pressure amplitudes are inversely proportional to shield diameter. When the tunnel clearance area is fixed, the cross-sectional geometry exerts non-negligible effects on vehicle-train surface pressure fluctuations. The influence of trainset configuration and tunnel length is nonlinear, with significant pressure fluctuations observed at the train's head and tail, emphasizing the need for streamlined design optimization. Ventilation shafts effectively reduce pressure wave amplitudes within the tunnel. These findings provide valuable guidance for the airtight design of high-speed subway trains and the construction of tunnel ventilation shafts.