Exploring the Influence of Vibration on Natural Convection in Hybrid Nanofluids via the IB-STLBM

In recent years, numerous studies have consistently demonstrated the remarkable impact of nanofluids on augmenting heat transfer processes. In the present study, the numerical investigation focuses on the analysis of MWCNT-Fe₃O₄/water hybrid nanofluid natural convection within a vibrating cavity. The governing equations are solved by the IB-STLBM, which combines the immersed boundary method with the simplified and highly stable lattice Boltzmann method. The results indicate a positive correlation between the Nusselt number and both Ra and ϕ, indicating an increase in heat transfer performance with higher Ra and ϕ values. The study further reveals that variations in a and ω have minimal impact on the overall averaged heat transfer characteristics (Nu_mean), yet do influence the instantaneous heat transfer characteristics in terms of frequency and amplitude (Nu_avg). Specifically, when Ra = 10⁵, Ar = 2.5 and ϕ = 0.003, adjusting a and ω can result in a maximum increase of 2.4% in the Nu_mean. Moreover, while changes in Ar do not affect the amplitude and frequency of Nu_avg fluctuations due to the unchanged motion modes of the system, they do impact Nu_mean.