Investigating the Impact of Sinusoidal Walls on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Performance of C-Shaped Cavity

The current investigation centers on exploring the impact of sinusoidal wall surfaces on C-shaped cavities. The analysis aims to scrutinize the influence of both the Ra number and the sinusoidal wall shape function on fluid flow and heat transfer within the system. Four different sinusoidal wall shapes (y = sin(x), y = sin(6x), y = 4sin(x), y = 4sin(6x)) along with a smooth wall are being considered. The influence of Ra on the heat transfer mechanism within the cavity is prominently evident in the observations. For Ra ≤ 10⁴, the flow intensity is weak, and heat conduction predominantly governs the heat transfer mechanism. As Rayleigh (Ra) values surpass 10⁵, convective heat transfer emerges as the prevailing mechanism. Notably, heat transfer characteristics exhibit an uptick with higher Ra values. The variability in heat transfer characteristics attributed to changes in the wall shape function can be delineated based on the magnitude of change. The initial category encompasses walls with smooth surfaces, such as y = sin(x) and y = sin(6x). Conversely, the subsequent category comprises walls represented by y = 4sin(x) and y = 4sin(6x). Among these scenarios, the one featuring a smooth wall shape demonstrates the lowest heat transfer characteristics. Conversely, the case with y = 4sin(6x) walls exhibits the maximum heat transfer characteristics.