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<p>Accurate prediction of peak outflow discharge from localized dam breaches is critical for flood hazard assessment. However, existing empirical models often neglect the effects of reservoir dimensions and transient flow structures, limiting their applicability under non-standard conditions. This study aims to quantify the influence of reservoir dimensions and breach width on peak outflow discharge and hydrograph evolution. The novelty lies in integrating laboratory experiments with three-dimensional CFD simulations to capture transient vortex dynamics and develop a geometry-dependent predictive relation. A series of hydro-morphodynamic experiments with varying reservoir configurations and breach widths was conducted, supported by three-dimensional simulations using a finite-volume solver with VOF free-surface tracking and RNG k–ε turbulence closure. The model was validated against measurements of water surface elevation and bed morphology. Results show that peak discharge occurs within the first second after breach initiation and is strongly influenced by reservoir width, with variations typically within 3–5% across tested conditions. The proposed relation predicts peak discharge with an accuracy of about 3–5% relative to numerical results, while conventional models show significantly larger deviations. Turbulent kinetic energy at the breach reaches approximately 0.029&#xa0;m²/s², coinciding with maximum discharge. These findings provide improved insight into breach hydraulics and support more reliable estimation of peak discharge in flood hazard assessments where detailed modeling is not available.</p>

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Influence of Reservoir Dimensions on Peak Outflow Discharge and Flow Morphology in Localized Dam Breaches: Insights from Coupled Experimental – CFD Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Milad Khorani,
  • Mohammad Marzbani,
  • Mitra Javan

摘要

Accurate prediction of peak outflow discharge from localized dam breaches is critical for flood hazard assessment. However, existing empirical models often neglect the effects of reservoir dimensions and transient flow structures, limiting their applicability under non-standard conditions. This study aims to quantify the influence of reservoir dimensions and breach width on peak outflow discharge and hydrograph evolution. The novelty lies in integrating laboratory experiments with three-dimensional CFD simulations to capture transient vortex dynamics and develop a geometry-dependent predictive relation. A series of hydro-morphodynamic experiments with varying reservoir configurations and breach widths was conducted, supported by three-dimensional simulations using a finite-volume solver with VOF free-surface tracking and RNG k–ε turbulence closure. The model was validated against measurements of water surface elevation and bed morphology. Results show that peak discharge occurs within the first second after breach initiation and is strongly influenced by reservoir width, with variations typically within 3–5% across tested conditions. The proposed relation predicts peak discharge with an accuracy of about 3–5% relative to numerical results, while conventional models show significantly larger deviations. Turbulent kinetic energy at the breach reaches approximately 0.029 m²/s², coinciding with maximum discharge. These findings provide improved insight into breach hydraulics and support more reliable estimation of peak discharge in flood hazard assessments where detailed modeling is not available.