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<p>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional soil stabilisers such as lime and cement; however, its thermoplastic behaviour under heating remains underexplored. This study investigates the geotechnical and microstructural performance of tropical residual soil stabilised with 3% and 5% PET and subjected to temperatures of 190&#xa0;°C and 260&#xa0;°C. Standard laboratory tests including compaction, permeability, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), triaxial shear and consolidation were conducted, supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed that heating soil containing 5% PET by weight to 260&#xa0;°C significantly enhanced its engineering properties. The coefficient of permeability (<i>k</i>) decreased from 0.084 to 0.074&#xa0;cm/s, cohesion increased from 3.04&#xa0;kPa to 14.32&#xa0;kPa and the unsoaked CBR improved from 28.08% to 31.07%. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of molten PET within soil pores, resulting in reduced porosity, enhanced strength, and lower compressibility. A strong negative correlation between MDD and OMC was observed (<i>r</i> = − 0.990, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These findings demonstrate that, upon heating, PET exhibits behaviour consistent with that of a thermoplastic binder under elevated temperature, providing improved strength, durability and reduced settlement. Overall, the study highlights the potential of PET as a recycled polymer-based stabiliser for subgrade and foundation applications, contributing to sustainable geotechnical engineering practices.</p>

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Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Pet-Stabilised Soil at Elevated Temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Muhamad Haziq Danish Mohd Yusoff,
  • Ros Nadiah Rosli,
  • Norinah Abd. Rahman,
  • Zubair Ahmed Memon,
  • Shabir Hussain Khahro

摘要

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional soil stabilisers such as lime and cement; however, its thermoplastic behaviour under heating remains underexplored. This study investigates the geotechnical and microstructural performance of tropical residual soil stabilised with 3% and 5% PET and subjected to temperatures of 190 °C and 260 °C. Standard laboratory tests including compaction, permeability, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), triaxial shear and consolidation were conducted, supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed that heating soil containing 5% PET by weight to 260 °C significantly enhanced its engineering properties. The coefficient of permeability (k) decreased from 0.084 to 0.074 cm/s, cohesion increased from 3.04 kPa to 14.32 kPa and the unsoaked CBR improved from 28.08% to 31.07%. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of molten PET within soil pores, resulting in reduced porosity, enhanced strength, and lower compressibility. A strong negative correlation between MDD and OMC was observed (r = − 0.990, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that, upon heating, PET exhibits behaviour consistent with that of a thermoplastic binder under elevated temperature, providing improved strength, durability and reduced settlement. Overall, the study highlights the potential of PET as a recycled polymer-based stabiliser for subgrade and foundation applications, contributing to sustainable geotechnical engineering practices.