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<p>The integration of microbiology into concrete contributes a significant enhancement in the self-healing approach to modern infrastructure. In this approach, various bacterial species, including <i>Bacillus (B.) subtilis</i>,<i> B. cohnii</i>,<i> Sporosarcina pasteurii</i>,<i> B. licheniformis</i>,<i> Lysinibacillus (L.) sphaericus</i> and others, along with a suitable nutrient source, are incorporated into concrete along with a nutrient source to facilitate crack healing through the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) process. Different supplementary materials, including various fibers and admixtures, are incorporated to review the synergistic effect that enhances the overall performance of bacterial concrete (BC). This review examines different bacterial stains with varying doses, as well as the key mechanical properties such as compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and crack healing capacity. In addition, durability parameters such as water absorption, Rapid chloride permeability test, carbonation depth, water sorptivity, acid resistance, water permeability and freeze-thaw resistance were also reviewed. Moreover, microstructural studies such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were also conducted to investigate the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This study presents a comprehensive technical review of different BC incorporating fibers, admixtures, and encapsulation materials, offering critical insights into the design and development of self-healing, high-performance and durable concrete for sustainable infrastructure applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microbial-Based Self-Healing Concrete: A Comprehensive Review on Crack Healing and Different Properties of Concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Somya Priyadarsini Sahani,
  • Meena Murmu,
  • Shirish V. Deo

摘要

The integration of microbiology into concrete contributes a significant enhancement in the self-healing approach to modern infrastructure. In this approach, various bacterial species, including Bacillus (B.) subtilis, B. cohnii, Sporosarcina pasteurii, B. licheniformis, Lysinibacillus (L.) sphaericus and others, along with a suitable nutrient source, are incorporated into concrete along with a nutrient source to facilitate crack healing through the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) process. Different supplementary materials, including various fibers and admixtures, are incorporated to review the synergistic effect that enhances the overall performance of bacterial concrete (BC). This review examines different bacterial stains with varying doses, as well as the key mechanical properties such as compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and crack healing capacity. In addition, durability parameters such as water absorption, Rapid chloride permeability test, carbonation depth, water sorptivity, acid resistance, water permeability and freeze-thaw resistance were also reviewed. Moreover, microstructural studies such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were also conducted to investigate the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This study presents a comprehensive technical review of different BC incorporating fibers, admixtures, and encapsulation materials, offering critical insights into the design and development of self-healing, high-performance and durable concrete for sustainable infrastructure applications.

Graphical Abstract