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<p>This study examines the mechanical properties and structural behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets under normal and marine environments. The study included axial compression testing and durability assessment under marine exposure to evaluate the overall performance of self-compacting RC columns confined with carbon CFRP sheets. The accelerated marine exposure was simulated by using a magnesium sulfate solution (15% MgSO₄). Concrete mixtures with target compressive strengths of (20, 30, and 45&#xa0;MPa) were tested to measure compressive, flexural, and splitting strengths, as well as void ratio, absorption, and density at ages of (28, 60, 90, and 120 days). The compressive strength under normal tap water treatment increased by (22.5%, 18.9%, and 10.3%), respectively, due to continuous wetting. In contrast, samples immersed in MgSO₄ solution showed strength losses of up to 10.9% after 120 days, attributed to the penetration of sulfate ions and the formation of expanded ettringite and gypsum which damaged the concrete microstructure. For RC columns, the effect of CFRP enclosure configurations was investigated, including full enclosure, strip width, and number of layers. Full enclosure resulted in a 44.7% increase in ultimate load, over 120% increase in stiffness, and up to 70% increase in ductility indices, compared to unenclosed columns. Increasing the CFRP layers resulted in reduced cracking and improved containment, while high-strength concrete columns (45&#xa0;MPa) showed the lowest value of deterioration (Approximately 4%) ​​under marine conditions.</p>

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Mechanical Properties of the Concrete and Structural Behavior of RC Columns Confined With CFRP Sheets Under Severe Sulfate Attacks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Mohammed Karar Hadi,
  • Fatimah H. Naser,
  • Ali Hameed Naser Almamoori

摘要

This study examines the mechanical properties and structural behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets under normal and marine environments. The study included axial compression testing and durability assessment under marine exposure to evaluate the overall performance of self-compacting RC columns confined with carbon CFRP sheets. The accelerated marine exposure was simulated by using a magnesium sulfate solution (15% MgSO₄). Concrete mixtures with target compressive strengths of (20, 30, and 45 MPa) were tested to measure compressive, flexural, and splitting strengths, as well as void ratio, absorption, and density at ages of (28, 60, 90, and 120 days). The compressive strength under normal tap water treatment increased by (22.5%, 18.9%, and 10.3%), respectively, due to continuous wetting. In contrast, samples immersed in MgSO₄ solution showed strength losses of up to 10.9% after 120 days, attributed to the penetration of sulfate ions and the formation of expanded ettringite and gypsum which damaged the concrete microstructure. For RC columns, the effect of CFRP enclosure configurations was investigated, including full enclosure, strip width, and number of layers. Full enclosure resulted in a 44.7% increase in ultimate load, over 120% increase in stiffness, and up to 70% increase in ductility indices, compared to unenclosed columns. Increasing the CFRP layers resulted in reduced cracking and improved containment, while high-strength concrete columns (45 MPa) showed the lowest value of deterioration (Approximately 4%) ​​under marine conditions.