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<p>Landfill leachate contains complex organic and inorganic pollutants that pose significant environmental challenges, necessitating efficient treatment strategies. This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of landfill leachate and the concurrent recovery of hydrogen gas using copper-doped titanium dioxide (Cu–TiO₂) nanocomposites synthesized via the sol–gel method. Two reactor configurations a trapezoidal (R1) and a cylindrical (R2) photocatalytic reactor were evaluated under UV-visible irradiation for their efficiency in treating leachate samples collected seasonally from nearby waterlogged landfill areas. The nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-DRS, and FTIR to understand their physicochemical and optical properties. Key operational parameters were fixed at pH 4, a Cu/TiO₂ catalyst dosage of 0.15&#xa0;g, an irradiation time of 3.5&#xa0;h, and consistent light intensity provided by two 200&#xa0;W visible lamps and a 16&#xa0;W UV lamp, with a leachate volume of 300 mL maintained in both cases. Results demonstrated that the Cu–TiO₂ photocatalyst achieved significant color removal (up to 88%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction (up to 90%) in the trapezoidal reactor, while the cylindrical reactor achieved 69% COD reduction. After photocatalytic degradation, the R1 reactor (trapezoidal) achieved a maximum hydrogen yield of 188 mL/g of COD reduced, whereas the R2 reactor (cylindrical) produced 167 mL/g of COD reduced, confirming the dual functionality of the system for wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. The study highlights the potential of Cu-doped TiO₂ as an efficient photocatalyst for sustainable environmental remediation and green energy applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Remediation of Complex Leachates for Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Hydrogen Recovery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • N. Thangam,
  • S. Suriya

摘要

Landfill leachate contains complex organic and inorganic pollutants that pose significant environmental challenges, necessitating efficient treatment strategies. This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of landfill leachate and the concurrent recovery of hydrogen gas using copper-doped titanium dioxide (Cu–TiO₂) nanocomposites synthesized via the sol–gel method. Two reactor configurations a trapezoidal (R1) and a cylindrical (R2) photocatalytic reactor were evaluated under UV-visible irradiation for their efficiency in treating leachate samples collected seasonally from nearby waterlogged landfill areas. The nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-DRS, and FTIR to understand their physicochemical and optical properties. Key operational parameters were fixed at pH 4, a Cu/TiO₂ catalyst dosage of 0.15 g, an irradiation time of 3.5 h, and consistent light intensity provided by two 200 W visible lamps and a 16 W UV lamp, with a leachate volume of 300 mL maintained in both cases. Results demonstrated that the Cu–TiO₂ photocatalyst achieved significant color removal (up to 88%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction (up to 90%) in the trapezoidal reactor, while the cylindrical reactor achieved 69% COD reduction. After photocatalytic degradation, the R1 reactor (trapezoidal) achieved a maximum hydrogen yield of 188 mL/g of COD reduced, whereas the R2 reactor (cylindrical) produced 167 mL/g of COD reduced, confirming the dual functionality of the system for wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. The study highlights the potential of Cu-doped TiO₂ as an efficient photocatalyst for sustainable environmental remediation and green energy applications.

Graphical Abstract