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<p>Dune sand presents significant geotechnical challenges due to its poor gradation, low cohesion, and limited bearing capacity, restricting its direct use in pavement and foundation applications. This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural performance of dune sand stabilized with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and enhanced with a nano-engineered additive, RoadCem (RC). Cement contents of 7%, 9%, 10%, and 11%, along with RC dosages of 0.6%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (by cement weight), were evaluated to identify the optimum mix. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results indicated that 7% OPC combined with 0.6% RC provided the most efficient performance-to-cost ratio. Mechanical testing at curing ages of 3, 7, 28, and 60&#xa0;days showed that RC-modified specimens exhibited notable long-term gains, including a 15–23% increase in Indirect Tensile Strength (IDT), 7–13% improvement in flexural strength, and a 77% increase in resilient modulus (MR) at 60&#xa0;days compared to cement-only mixes. Microstructural analysis using SEM revealed enhanced matrix densification and the formation of nano-scale fibrous structures contributing to improved particle interlocking and reduced porosity. The findings demonstrate that the addition of 0.6% RC meaningfully enhances the long-term mechanical performance and durability of cement-stabilized dune sand. These results highlight the broader potential of RC-modified stabilization to reduce cement consumption, improve structural integrity, and promote sustainable pavement construction in desert and coastal regions where dune sand is abundant.</p>

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Performance of Dune Sand Stabilized with Cement Modified by Nano-Additive RoadCem: Mechanical, Microstructural, and Statistical Evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Abdelrahman Essam Abdelhamed,
  • Hassan Hamouda,
  • Mohamed Amin,
  • Sherif M. El-Badawy

摘要

Dune sand presents significant geotechnical challenges due to its poor gradation, low cohesion, and limited bearing capacity, restricting its direct use in pavement and foundation applications. This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural performance of dune sand stabilized with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and enhanced with a nano-engineered additive, RoadCem (RC). Cement contents of 7%, 9%, 10%, and 11%, along with RC dosages of 0.6%, 1.0%, and 1.5% (by cement weight), were evaluated to identify the optimum mix. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results indicated that 7% OPC combined with 0.6% RC provided the most efficient performance-to-cost ratio. Mechanical testing at curing ages of 3, 7, 28, and 60 days showed that RC-modified specimens exhibited notable long-term gains, including a 15–23% increase in Indirect Tensile Strength (IDT), 7–13% improvement in flexural strength, and a 77% increase in resilient modulus (MR) at 60 days compared to cement-only mixes. Microstructural analysis using SEM revealed enhanced matrix densification and the formation of nano-scale fibrous structures contributing to improved particle interlocking and reduced porosity. The findings demonstrate that the addition of 0.6% RC meaningfully enhances the long-term mechanical performance and durability of cement-stabilized dune sand. These results highlight the broader potential of RC-modified stabilization to reduce cement consumption, improve structural integrity, and promote sustainable pavement construction in desert and coastal regions where dune sand is abundant.