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<p>This study explores the durability (wet–dry), permeability and field performance of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) mixes developed using fly ash, quarry waste and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) at low cement contents. By incorporating these materials, the research promotes sustainability by reducing the demand for natural aggregates and encouraging waste recycling. A total of 12 mixes, each with 3 replicates per test, were evaluated in the study. Durability was assessed by subjecting 28-day samples to alternate wet–dry cycles and evaluating volume and weight loss, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), failure modes and microstructure. Tests conducted on CLSm mix with 3% and 4% cement content revealed that higher cement and RCA levels improved durability and reduced degradation, while fly ash enhanced long-term strength through pozzolanic reactions. The 28-day UCS of the mixes ranged from 0.32 to 1.94&#xa0;MPa, placing the mixes within manual (&lt;0.7&#xa0;MPa) or mechanical (&lt;2.0&#xa0;MPa) excavatability criteria. Permeability tests showed that quarry waste influenced water flow, with permeability decreasing over time from 0.053&#xa0;cm/s (1-day) to 0.009&#xa0;cm/s (28-day) due to progressive void filling by the formation of hydration products. Field trials confirmed that rut depth after 250 passes reduced from 33.6 to 25.6&#xa0;mm with the incorporation of CLSM, enhancing pavement stability under repeated vehicular loads. The Benefit Ratio (B<sub>R</sub>) analysis highlighted the efficiency of CLSM as a utility-fill material, as there was 0.5 to 3.8 times improvement in resistance to rutting compared to control sections. Post-test evaluations demonstrated the resilience of CLSM, which retained its structural integrity and low-strength properties while efficiently distributing loads. The findings highlight the potential of CLSM as a sustainable, durable and effective backfill solution for modern construction practices.</p>

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Wet–Dry and Field Performance of Controlled Low Strength Material Incorporating Quarry Waste and Recycled Concrete Aggregates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • U. Salini,
  • Anusha Parayil

摘要

This study explores the durability (wet–dry), permeability and field performance of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) mixes developed using fly ash, quarry waste and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) at low cement contents. By incorporating these materials, the research promotes sustainability by reducing the demand for natural aggregates and encouraging waste recycling. A total of 12 mixes, each with 3 replicates per test, were evaluated in the study. Durability was assessed by subjecting 28-day samples to alternate wet–dry cycles and evaluating volume and weight loss, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), failure modes and microstructure. Tests conducted on CLSm mix with 3% and 4% cement content revealed that higher cement and RCA levels improved durability and reduced degradation, while fly ash enhanced long-term strength through pozzolanic reactions. The 28-day UCS of the mixes ranged from 0.32 to 1.94 MPa, placing the mixes within manual (<0.7 MPa) or mechanical (<2.0 MPa) excavatability criteria. Permeability tests showed that quarry waste influenced water flow, with permeability decreasing over time from 0.053 cm/s (1-day) to 0.009 cm/s (28-day) due to progressive void filling by the formation of hydration products. Field trials confirmed that rut depth after 250 passes reduced from 33.6 to 25.6 mm with the incorporation of CLSM, enhancing pavement stability under repeated vehicular loads. The Benefit Ratio (BR) analysis highlighted the efficiency of CLSM as a utility-fill material, as there was 0.5 to 3.8 times improvement in resistance to rutting compared to control sections. Post-test evaluations demonstrated the resilience of CLSM, which retained its structural integrity and low-strength properties while efficiently distributing loads. The findings highlight the potential of CLSM as a sustainable, durable and effective backfill solution for modern construction practices.