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<p>Elevated sediment supply and streamflow post-forest timber harvest significantly increase sediment transport, where even minor streamflow changes can lead to substantial increases, especially in the presence of sediment. The current research seeks to explore the influence of forest harvesting methods on alterations in runoff and Sediment Rating Curve (SRC) coefficients within a northern Iranian forested watershed using graphical and statistical analysis. The timber harvest phases encompass Selective cutting (1997–2006) and Near Nature Approach (2007–2016). Analyses were carried out using observed runoff and sediment data during these distinct timber harvest management periods. Selective Cutting selectively harvests mature or defective trees with minimal forest disturbance, while the Near-Nature Approach uses scattered, low-impact logging to preserve ecosystem integrity and promote regeneration. These methods explain the differences in runoff and sediment dynamics observed in this study. In Selective cutting, the power-law slope was 1.162 and the coefficient 3.04, with a logarithmic intercept of 1.112. During Near Nature cutting, the slope slightly decreased to 1.133, the coefficient to 1.705, and the intercept to 0.534, indicating a modest reduction in sediment sensitivity and baseline sediment load due to reduced forest disturbance. Runoff and sediment values during Selective cutting and Near Nature cutting show statistically significant changes at 95% (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) and 99% (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) confidence levels, respectively. Near Nature cutting displays lower median runoff values, indicating reduced flow rates, with wider violins suggesting a higher likelihood of lower flow rates. Both minimum and maximum runoff values consistently decrease, indicating lower impacts on suspended sediment compared to Selective cutting, emphasizing minimal disturbance. Further research is essential to comprehensively analyze the impact of various logging methods in northern Iranian forests on suspended sediment concentration across seasons and areas.</p>

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Dynamics of Runoff and Sediment Yield Response Under Different Forest Management Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Raoof Mostafazadeh,
  • Nazila Alaei,
  • Farshad Keivan Behjou,
  • Parvin Momenian

摘要

Elevated sediment supply and streamflow post-forest timber harvest significantly increase sediment transport, where even minor streamflow changes can lead to substantial increases, especially in the presence of sediment. The current research seeks to explore the influence of forest harvesting methods on alterations in runoff and Sediment Rating Curve (SRC) coefficients within a northern Iranian forested watershed using graphical and statistical analysis. The timber harvest phases encompass Selective cutting (1997–2006) and Near Nature Approach (2007–2016). Analyses were carried out using observed runoff and sediment data during these distinct timber harvest management periods. Selective Cutting selectively harvests mature or defective trees with minimal forest disturbance, while the Near-Nature Approach uses scattered, low-impact logging to preserve ecosystem integrity and promote regeneration. These methods explain the differences in runoff and sediment dynamics observed in this study. In Selective cutting, the power-law slope was 1.162 and the coefficient 3.04, with a logarithmic intercept of 1.112. During Near Nature cutting, the slope slightly decreased to 1.133, the coefficient to 1.705, and the intercept to 0.534, indicating a modest reduction in sediment sensitivity and baseline sediment load due to reduced forest disturbance. Runoff and sediment values during Selective cutting and Near Nature cutting show statistically significant changes at 95% (P ≤ 0.05) and 99% (P ≤ 0.01) confidence levels, respectively. Near Nature cutting displays lower median runoff values, indicating reduced flow rates, with wider violins suggesting a higher likelihood of lower flow rates. Both minimum and maximum runoff values consistently decrease, indicating lower impacts on suspended sediment compared to Selective cutting, emphasizing minimal disturbance. Further research is essential to comprehensively analyze the impact of various logging methods in northern Iranian forests on suspended sediment concentration across seasons and areas.