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<p>The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has raised concerns over the extensive use of cement and natural aggregates, prompting the need for alternative resources. This study explores the use of Aluminium Ash Dross (AAD) and Magnesium Oxide Dross (MOD) as partial cement replacements (5–20%), and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) as a coarse aggregate substitute (up to 40%) to produce eco-efficient concrete. A total of 21 concrete mixes were developed and evaluated for workability, flexural strength, and acid resistance. The optimal mix, containing 15% AAD and 30% CDW, exhibited an 11.2% increase in 28-day flexural strength (3.48&#xa0;MPa) and reduced acid-induced mass loss (3.83% after 90 days) compared to the control mix. Microstructural investigation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a denser internal matrix with fewer voids and improved interfacial bonding, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of additional calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) phases that enhance durability. Sustainability analysis showed a 15% reduction in embodied carbon and an 11.6% decrease in energy consumption. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using industrial by-products and Construction and Demolition Waste in concrete production to enhance performance and reduce environmental impact. Future work should focus on long-term durability, optimization of waste material processing, and structural validation under various exposure conditions.</p>

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Sustainable Concrete Design Using Aluminium and Magnesium Dross: Mechanical and Durability Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Anandraj Amalraj,
  • Baskar Neelakandan,
  • Vijayabaskaran Selvarajan

摘要

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has raised concerns over the extensive use of cement and natural aggregates, prompting the need for alternative resources. This study explores the use of Aluminium Ash Dross (AAD) and Magnesium Oxide Dross (MOD) as partial cement replacements (5–20%), and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) as a coarse aggregate substitute (up to 40%) to produce eco-efficient concrete. A total of 21 concrete mixes were developed and evaluated for workability, flexural strength, and acid resistance. The optimal mix, containing 15% AAD and 30% CDW, exhibited an 11.2% increase in 28-day flexural strength (3.48 MPa) and reduced acid-induced mass loss (3.83% after 90 days) compared to the control mix. Microstructural investigation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a denser internal matrix with fewer voids and improved interfacial bonding, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of additional calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) phases that enhance durability. Sustainability analysis showed a 15% reduction in embodied carbon and an 11.6% decrease in energy consumption. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using industrial by-products and Construction and Demolition Waste in concrete production to enhance performance and reduce environmental impact. Future work should focus on long-term durability, optimization of waste material processing, and structural validation under various exposure conditions.