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<p>Traditional cement and lime binders for clay soil stabilization now face critical environmental challenges due to their high carbon footprint. This urgency drives research toward eco-friendly alternatives, particularly waste-derived stabilizing agents. This study therefore aims to evaluate the effectiveness of lime kiln dust (LKD), a pozzolanic residue rich in CaO, for stabilizing CH-type clay soil, exploring its valorization potential as a sustainable and economical additive to enhance mechanical characteristics and durability. Tests were conducted on samples with 4–8% LKD (by dry clay weight) subjected to 1, 7, 14, and 28 days curing. Standard analyses included plasticity, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results demonstrated reduced plasticity index indicating improved workability, increased optimum moisture content with flattened compaction curve, and 274% UCS increase at 6% LKD after 28 days. Shear tests revealed 245.7% higher cohesion and 52.2% greater internal friction angle at 6% LKD, while CBR increased by 850% versus untreated soil. SEM confirmed cementitious compound development, validating microstructural improvements underlying enhanced strength and stiffness. These results confirm LKD's potential as an effective, sustainable stabilizer for road infrastructure improvement.</p>

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Upcycling Lime Kiln Dust as a High-Performance Stabilizer for Problematic Clayey Soils in Road Infrastructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Zemouli Samira,
  • Chikhi Nassira,
  • Kechrid Marwa,
  • Azeb Nada

摘要

Traditional cement and lime binders for clay soil stabilization now face critical environmental challenges due to their high carbon footprint. This urgency drives research toward eco-friendly alternatives, particularly waste-derived stabilizing agents. This study therefore aims to evaluate the effectiveness of lime kiln dust (LKD), a pozzolanic residue rich in CaO, for stabilizing CH-type clay soil, exploring its valorization potential as a sustainable and economical additive to enhance mechanical characteristics and durability. Tests were conducted on samples with 4–8% LKD (by dry clay weight) subjected to 1, 7, 14, and 28 days curing. Standard analyses included plasticity, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results demonstrated reduced plasticity index indicating improved workability, increased optimum moisture content with flattened compaction curve, and 274% UCS increase at 6% LKD after 28 days. Shear tests revealed 245.7% higher cohesion and 52.2% greater internal friction angle at 6% LKD, while CBR increased by 850% versus untreated soil. SEM confirmed cementitious compound development, validating microstructural improvements underlying enhanced strength and stiffness. These results confirm LKD's potential as an effective, sustainable stabilizer for road infrastructure improvement.