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<p>Concrete production relies heavily on cement and natural aggregates, causing environmental degradation through resource depletion and high carbon emissions. Agro-industrial secondary products like Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), recycled fine aggregate (RFA), and crusher sand (CS) offer sustainable alternatives. In this study, concrete mixes with varying proportions of SBA (10–30%), GGBS (10–30%), and RFA (10–50%) were tested for workability properties like slump test, hardened and long term properties such as Compressive strength, Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), Sorptivity, Water absorption, and Abrasion resistance. Additionally, the study included SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analyses to investigate the mineral composition and microstructural properties of concrete. The pure mixture of crusher sand recorded a compressive strength of 41.5&#xa0;MPa after 28&#xa0;days. Incorporating 30% RFA enhanced the strength to 44&#xa0;MPa after 28&#xa0;days. Furthermore, the addition of 20% SBA improved the strength to 45&#xa0;MPa. The mixture containing 30% RFA + 20% GGBS + 20% SBA demonstrated the highest strength, achieving 48.5&#xa0;MPa at 28&#xa0;days. Substituting 30% of RFA with crusher sand enhances the concrete strength by 6% at 28&#xa0;days. Incorporating 20% SBA into concrete alongside 30% RFA and 70% CS resulted in an 8.4% enhancement in compressive strength. This research found that substituting 20% of cement with SBA along with 20% GGBS enhanced the compressive strength by 16.8%. At 28&#xa0;days, the RCPT values decreased from 1182 in 100% crusher sand mix to 956 in 30% RFA + 70% CS mix, 796 in 30% RFA + 20% SBA, and reached a low of 569 in 30% RFA + 20% SBA + 20% GGBS mix. This indicates that incorporating RFA, SBA, and GGBS significantly improved the concrete’s ability to withstand chloride ion penetration. At 28&#xa0;days curing period, the RCPT value decreased by 19% when the crusher sand is replaced by 30% RFA. Similarly, the RCPT value decreased by 33% when using 30% RFA and 20% SBA compared to control concrete. Ternary blended concrete with 30% RFA, 20% SBA, and 20% GGBS further experiences decrease in RCPT value by 52% compared to control concrete. The optimal mixture used 30% RFA, with further optimization attained by adding 20% SBA and 20% GGBS, improving workability, strength, and durability for ecological construction. Future research will concentrate on the long-term performance, optimization of the mix, assessment of the life cycle, and validation in real-world applications.</p>

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Enhancing Strength and Durability of Sustainable Concrete Paver Blocks with Recycled Aggregates, Agro and Industrial By-Products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Kunchala Ashok,
  • Sk. M. Subhani,
  • Baranidharan Sundaram

摘要

Concrete production relies heavily on cement and natural aggregates, causing environmental degradation through resource depletion and high carbon emissions. Agro-industrial secondary products like Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), recycled fine aggregate (RFA), and crusher sand (CS) offer sustainable alternatives. In this study, concrete mixes with varying proportions of SBA (10–30%), GGBS (10–30%), and RFA (10–50%) were tested for workability properties like slump test, hardened and long term properties such as Compressive strength, Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), Sorptivity, Water absorption, and Abrasion resistance. Additionally, the study included SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) analyses to investigate the mineral composition and microstructural properties of concrete. The pure mixture of crusher sand recorded a compressive strength of 41.5 MPa after 28 days. Incorporating 30% RFA enhanced the strength to 44 MPa after 28 days. Furthermore, the addition of 20% SBA improved the strength to 45 MPa. The mixture containing 30% RFA + 20% GGBS + 20% SBA demonstrated the highest strength, achieving 48.5 MPa at 28 days. Substituting 30% of RFA with crusher sand enhances the concrete strength by 6% at 28 days. Incorporating 20% SBA into concrete alongside 30% RFA and 70% CS resulted in an 8.4% enhancement in compressive strength. This research found that substituting 20% of cement with SBA along with 20% GGBS enhanced the compressive strength by 16.8%. At 28 days, the RCPT values decreased from 1182 in 100% crusher sand mix to 956 in 30% RFA + 70% CS mix, 796 in 30% RFA + 20% SBA, and reached a low of 569 in 30% RFA + 20% SBA + 20% GGBS mix. This indicates that incorporating RFA, SBA, and GGBS significantly improved the concrete’s ability to withstand chloride ion penetration. At 28 days curing period, the RCPT value decreased by 19% when the crusher sand is replaced by 30% RFA. Similarly, the RCPT value decreased by 33% when using 30% RFA and 20% SBA compared to control concrete. Ternary blended concrete with 30% RFA, 20% SBA, and 20% GGBS further experiences decrease in RCPT value by 52% compared to control concrete. The optimal mixture used 30% RFA, with further optimization attained by adding 20% SBA and 20% GGBS, improving workability, strength, and durability for ecological construction. Future research will concentrate on the long-term performance, optimization of the mix, assessment of the life cycle, and validation in real-world applications.