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<p>This research fills a significant void in sustainable construction studies by combining performance-based testing with life cycle assessment 9LCA) evaluation to assess the use of nano titanium dioxide (NT) as a partial substitute for cement in concrete. Although NT is known to enhance the mechanical and durability characteristics of cement-based composites, few studies have examined the environmental trade-offs of its application. In this study, NT was incorporated at levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% by cement weight. The experimental findings indicated that 1.5–2.0% NT demonstrated an increase in compressive strength by up to 18% and a reduction in water absorption by 30%. SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the densification of the matrix. Microstructural analysis verified matrix densification and pore refinement. Concrete enhanced with 1.5–2.0% nano TiO₂ demonstrated an increase in compressive strength by up to 18% and a reduction in water absorption by 30%. SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the densification of the matrix. Cradle-to-gate LCA, performed using SimaPro software and the EcoInvent database, showed a decrease in global warming potential and fossil resource depletion at optimal NT concentrations. However, freshwater ecotoxicity rose significantly at higher NT levels. These results underscore the necessity of dosage regulation and provide a balanced view of the performance and environmental effects of NT in concrete, aiding the progress of sustainable construction methods. The study indicates that NT can improve concrete sustainability by reducing cement consumption and carbon emissions, though further research is needed to address issues related to cost-effectiveness, scalability, and long-term performance. These findings contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the role of nanotechnology in advancing sustainable construction materials.</p>

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Enhancing Concrete Performance and Sustainability with Nano TiO₂: Engineering, Microstructural, and Life Cycle Evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月28日

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  • R. M. Ashwini,
  • Kanaka Durga Sambhana,
  • M. Manjunatha

摘要

This research fills a significant void in sustainable construction studies by combining performance-based testing with life cycle assessment 9LCA) evaluation to assess the use of nano titanium dioxide (NT) as a partial substitute for cement in concrete. Although NT is known to enhance the mechanical and durability characteristics of cement-based composites, few studies have examined the environmental trade-offs of its application. In this study, NT was incorporated at levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% by cement weight. The experimental findings indicated that 1.5–2.0% NT demonstrated an increase in compressive strength by up to 18% and a reduction in water absorption by 30%. SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the densification of the matrix. Microstructural analysis verified matrix densification and pore refinement. Concrete enhanced with 1.5–2.0% nano TiO₂ demonstrated an increase in compressive strength by up to 18% and a reduction in water absorption by 30%. SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the densification of the matrix. Cradle-to-gate LCA, performed using SimaPro software and the EcoInvent database, showed a decrease in global warming potential and fossil resource depletion at optimal NT concentrations. However, freshwater ecotoxicity rose significantly at higher NT levels. These results underscore the necessity of dosage regulation and provide a balanced view of the performance and environmental effects of NT in concrete, aiding the progress of sustainable construction methods. The study indicates that NT can improve concrete sustainability by reducing cement consumption and carbon emissions, though further research is needed to address issues related to cost-effectiveness, scalability, and long-term performance. These findings contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the role of nanotechnology in advancing sustainable construction materials.